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Control of magma flow in dykes on cyclic lava dome extrusion
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/ 34 (2007)
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Pages (printed)
L02303
Issued date
2007
Abstract
Lava dome eruptions are commonly characterized by
large fluctuations in discharge rate with cyclic behaviour on
time-scales ranging from hours to decades. Examples include
Bezymianny volcano (Russia), Merapi (Java), Santiaguito
(Guatemala), Mt St Helens (USA), Mt Unzen (Japan), and
Soufrie`re Hills volcano (Montserrat). Previous models have
assumed simple cylindrical conduits for magma transport,
but extrusions are mainly fed by dykes, with cylindrical
geometries developing only at shallow levels. The widths of
dykes embedded in an elastic medium are influenced by local
magma pressure, affecting flow rates and system dynamics
strongly. We develop a model for magma flow in dykes,
which predicts intense pulsations of magma extrusion for the
case of a constant source pressure. The period time scale is
determined by the elastic deformation of the dyke walls and
the length-to-width ratio of the dyke. The dyke acts like a
volumetric capacitor, storing magma as pressure increases
and then releasing magma in a pulse of extrusion. For the
Soufrie`re Hills volcano, cyclic extrusions with time-scales of
a few weeks are predicted for dykes 300–500 m long and
3–6 m wide, matching observations. The model explains
the sharp onset of tilt pulsations and seismic swarms.
large fluctuations in discharge rate with cyclic behaviour on
time-scales ranging from hours to decades. Examples include
Bezymianny volcano (Russia), Merapi (Java), Santiaguito
(Guatemala), Mt St Helens (USA), Mt Unzen (Japan), and
Soufrie`re Hills volcano (Montserrat). Previous models have
assumed simple cylindrical conduits for magma transport,
but extrusions are mainly fed by dykes, with cylindrical
geometries developing only at shallow levels. The widths of
dykes embedded in an elastic medium are influenced by local
magma pressure, affecting flow rates and system dynamics
strongly. We develop a model for magma flow in dykes,
which predicts intense pulsations of magma extrusion for the
case of a constant source pressure. The period time scale is
determined by the elastic deformation of the dyke walls and
the length-to-width ratio of the dyke. The dyke acts like a
volumetric capacitor, storing magma as pressure increases
and then releasing magma in a pulse of extrusion. For the
Soufrie`re Hills volcano, cyclic extrusions with time-scales of
a few weeks are predicted for dykes 300–500 m long and
3–6 m wide, matching observations. The model explains
the sharp onset of tilt pulsations and seismic swarms.
References
Barmin, A., O. Melnik, and R. S. J. Sparks (2002), Periodic behavior in
lava dome eruptions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 199, 173– 184.
Beauducel, F., F. H. Cornet, E. Suhanto, T. Duquesnoy, and M. Kasser
(2000), Constraints on magma flux from displacements data at Merapi
volcano, Java, Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B4), 8193– 8203.
Belousov, A., B. Voight, M. Belousova, and A. Petukhin (2002), Pyroclastic
surges and flows from the 8 – 10 May 1997 explosive eruption of
Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, Bull. Volcanol., 64, 455–471.
Costa, A. (2005), Viscosity of high crystal content melts: Dependence on
solid fraction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22308, doi:10.1029/
2005GL024303.
Costa, A. (2006), Permeability-porosity relationship: A re-examination of
the Kozeny-Carman equation based on fractal pore-space geometry, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 33, L02318, doi:10.1029/2005GL025134.
Denlinger, R., and R. P. Hoblitt (1999), Cyclic eruptive behavior of silicic
volcanoes, Geology, 27, 459–462.
Harris, A. J. L., W. I. Rose, and L. P. Flynn (2002), Temporal trends in lava
dome extrusion at Santiaguito 1922– 2000, Bull. Volcanol., 65, 77– 89.
Hess, K. U., and D. B. Dingwell (1996), Viscosities of hydrous leucogranite
melts: A non-Arrhenian model, Am. Mineral., 81, 1297–1300.
Lister, J. R., and R. C. Kerr (1991), Fluid mechanical models of crack
propagation and their application to magma transport in dykes, J. Geophys.
Res., 96, 10,049– 10,077.
Llewellin, E. W., and M. Manga (2005), Bubble suspension rheology and
implications for conduit flow, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 143, 205–217.
Mattioli, G., T. H. Dixon, F. F. Farina, E. S. Howell, P. E. Jansma, and A. L.
Smith (1998), GPS measurement of surface deformation around Soufriere
Hills volcano, Montserrat from October 1995 to July 1996, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 25, 3417–3420.
Melnik, O., and R. S. J. Sparks (1999), Nonlinear dynamics of lava dome
extrusion, Nature, 402, 37– 41.
Melnik, O., and R. S. J. Sparks (2005), Controls on conduit magma flow
dynamics during lava dome building eruptions, J. Geophys. Res., 110,
B02209, doi:10.1029/2004JB003183.
Me´riaux, C., and C. Jaupart (1995), Simple fluid dynamics models of
volcanic rift zones, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 223– 240.
Nakada, S., and J. C. Eichelberger (2004), Looking into a volcano: Drilling
Unzen, Geotimes, 49(3), 14– 17.
Nakada, S., H. Shimizu, and K. Ohta (1999), Overview of the 1990– 1995
eruption at Unzen Volcano, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 89, 1– 22.
Ozerov, A., I. Ispalatov, and J. Lees (2003), Modeling Strombolian eruptions
of Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 122, 265– 280.
Roman, D. C., J. Neuberg, and R. R. Luckett (2006), Assessing the likelihood
of volcanic eruption through analysis of volcanotectonic earthquake
fault-plane solutions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 248, 244 – 252,
doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.029.
Sparks, R. S. J., and S. R. Young (2002), The eruption of Soufrie`re Hills
volcano, Montserrat (1995– 1999): Overview of scientific results, Mem.
Geol. Soc., 21, 45– 69.
Sparks, R. S. J., et al. (1998), Magma production and growth of the lava
dome of the Soufrie`re Hills volcano, Montserrat: November 1995 to
December 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3421– 3424.
Swanson, D. A., and R. T. Holcomb (1990), Regularities in growth of the
Mount St. Helens dacite dome 1980– 1986, in Lava Flows and Domes:
Emplacement Mechanisms and Hazards Implications, edited by J. H.
Fink, pp. 3– 24, Springer, New York.
Troise, C., F. Pingue, and G. De Natale (2003), Coulomb stress changes at
calderas: Modeling the seismicity at Campi Flegrei (southern Italy),
J. Geophys. Res., 108(B6), 2292, doi:10.1029/2002JB002006.
Voight, B., et al. (1999), Magma flow instability and cyclic activity at
Soufrie`re Hills Volcano, Montserrat, Science, 283, 1138– 1142.
Voight, B., E. K. Constantine, S. Siswowidjoyo, and R. Torley (2000),
Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, central Java, Indonesia, 1768–
1998, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 100, 69– 138.
Voight, B., et al. (2006), Unprecedented pressure increase in deep magma
reservoir triggered by lava-dome collapse, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L03312, doi:10.1029/2005GL024870.
Wadge, G., G. S. Mattioli, and R. A. Herd (2006), Ground deformation at
Soufrie`re Hills volcano, Montserrat during 1998–2000 measured by radar
interferometry and GPS, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 152, 157– 173.
Wylie, J. J., B. Voight, and J. A. Whitehead (1999), Instability of magma
flow from volatile-dependent viscosity, Science, 285, 1883– 1885.
Yamashina, K., and H. Shimuzu (1999), Crustal deformation in the mid-
May 1991 crisis preceding the extrusion of a dacite lava dome at Unzen
volcano, Japan, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 89, 43–55.
lava dome eruptions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 199, 173– 184.
Beauducel, F., F. H. Cornet, E. Suhanto, T. Duquesnoy, and M. Kasser
(2000), Constraints on magma flux from displacements data at Merapi
volcano, Java, Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B4), 8193– 8203.
Belousov, A., B. Voight, M. Belousova, and A. Petukhin (2002), Pyroclastic
surges and flows from the 8 – 10 May 1997 explosive eruption of
Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, Bull. Volcanol., 64, 455–471.
Costa, A. (2005), Viscosity of high crystal content melts: Dependence on
solid fraction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22308, doi:10.1029/
2005GL024303.
Costa, A. (2006), Permeability-porosity relationship: A re-examination of
the Kozeny-Carman equation based on fractal pore-space geometry, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 33, L02318, doi:10.1029/2005GL025134.
Denlinger, R., and R. P. Hoblitt (1999), Cyclic eruptive behavior of silicic
volcanoes, Geology, 27, 459–462.
Harris, A. J. L., W. I. Rose, and L. P. Flynn (2002), Temporal trends in lava
dome extrusion at Santiaguito 1922– 2000, Bull. Volcanol., 65, 77– 89.
Hess, K. U., and D. B. Dingwell (1996), Viscosities of hydrous leucogranite
melts: A non-Arrhenian model, Am. Mineral., 81, 1297–1300.
Lister, J. R., and R. C. Kerr (1991), Fluid mechanical models of crack
propagation and their application to magma transport in dykes, J. Geophys.
Res., 96, 10,049– 10,077.
Llewellin, E. W., and M. Manga (2005), Bubble suspension rheology and
implications for conduit flow, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 143, 205–217.
Mattioli, G., T. H. Dixon, F. F. Farina, E. S. Howell, P. E. Jansma, and A. L.
Smith (1998), GPS measurement of surface deformation around Soufriere
Hills volcano, Montserrat from October 1995 to July 1996, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 25, 3417–3420.
Melnik, O., and R. S. J. Sparks (1999), Nonlinear dynamics of lava dome
extrusion, Nature, 402, 37– 41.
Melnik, O., and R. S. J. Sparks (2005), Controls on conduit magma flow
dynamics during lava dome building eruptions, J. Geophys. Res., 110,
B02209, doi:10.1029/2004JB003183.
Me´riaux, C., and C. Jaupart (1995), Simple fluid dynamics models of
volcanic rift zones, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 223– 240.
Nakada, S., and J. C. Eichelberger (2004), Looking into a volcano: Drilling
Unzen, Geotimes, 49(3), 14– 17.
Nakada, S., H. Shimizu, and K. Ohta (1999), Overview of the 1990– 1995
eruption at Unzen Volcano, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 89, 1– 22.
Ozerov, A., I. Ispalatov, and J. Lees (2003), Modeling Strombolian eruptions
of Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 122, 265– 280.
Roman, D. C., J. Neuberg, and R. R. Luckett (2006), Assessing the likelihood
of volcanic eruption through analysis of volcanotectonic earthquake
fault-plane solutions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 248, 244 – 252,
doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.029.
Sparks, R. S. J., and S. R. Young (2002), The eruption of Soufrie`re Hills
volcano, Montserrat (1995– 1999): Overview of scientific results, Mem.
Geol. Soc., 21, 45– 69.
Sparks, R. S. J., et al. (1998), Magma production and growth of the lava
dome of the Soufrie`re Hills volcano, Montserrat: November 1995 to
December 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3421– 3424.
Swanson, D. A., and R. T. Holcomb (1990), Regularities in growth of the
Mount St. Helens dacite dome 1980– 1986, in Lava Flows and Domes:
Emplacement Mechanisms and Hazards Implications, edited by J. H.
Fink, pp. 3– 24, Springer, New York.
Troise, C., F. Pingue, and G. De Natale (2003), Coulomb stress changes at
calderas: Modeling the seismicity at Campi Flegrei (southern Italy),
J. Geophys. Res., 108(B6), 2292, doi:10.1029/2002JB002006.
Voight, B., et al. (1999), Magma flow instability and cyclic activity at
Soufrie`re Hills Volcano, Montserrat, Science, 283, 1138– 1142.
Voight, B., E. K. Constantine, S. Siswowidjoyo, and R. Torley (2000),
Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, central Java, Indonesia, 1768–
1998, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 100, 69– 138.
Voight, B., et al. (2006), Unprecedented pressure increase in deep magma
reservoir triggered by lava-dome collapse, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L03312, doi:10.1029/2005GL024870.
Wadge, G., G. S. Mattioli, and R. A. Herd (2006), Ground deformation at
Soufrie`re Hills volcano, Montserrat during 1998–2000 measured by radar
interferometry and GPS, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 152, 157– 173.
Wylie, J. J., B. Voight, and J. A. Whitehead (1999), Instability of magma
flow from volatile-dependent viscosity, Science, 285, 1883– 1885.
Yamashina, K., and H. Shimuzu (1999), Crustal deformation in the mid-
May 1991 crisis preceding the extrusion of a dacite lava dome at Unzen
volcano, Japan, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 89, 43–55.
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