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The HAMMONIA chemistry climate model: Sensitivity of the mesopause region to the 11-year solar cycle and CO2 doubling,
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Pages (printed)
3903-3931
Issued date
2006
Keywords
Abstract
This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere
(HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height
range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version
of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in
Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper
atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study
the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand,
by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon
dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical
composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the solar cycle by 2 to 10
K in the mesopause region with the largest values occurring slightly above the summer mesopause. Ozone
in the secondary maximum increases by up to 20% for solar maximum conditions. Changes in winds are in
general small. In the case of a doubling of carbon dioxide the simulation indicates a cooling of the atmosphere
everywhere above the tropopause but by the smallest values around the mesopause. It is shown that
the temperature response up to the mesopause is strongly influenced by changes in dynamics. During
Northern Hemisphere summer, dynamical processes alone would lead to an almost global warming of up
to 3 K in the uppermost mesosphere.
(HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height
range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version
of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in
Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper
atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study
the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand,
by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon
dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical
composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the solar cycle by 2 to 10
K in the mesopause region with the largest values occurring slightly above the summer mesopause. Ozone
in the secondary maximum increases by up to 20% for solar maximum conditions. Changes in winds are in
general small. In the case of a doubling of carbon dioxide the simulation indicates a cooling of the atmosphere
everywhere above the tropopause but by the smallest values around the mesopause. It is shown that
the temperature response up to the mesopause is strongly influenced by changes in dynamics. During
Northern Hemisphere summer, dynamical processes alone would lead to an almost global warming of up
to 3 K in the uppermost mesosphere.
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chlorine on the lower stratosphere and upper
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Chabrillat, S., and G. Kockarts, 1998: Correction to “Simple parameterization
of the absorption of the solar lyman-alpha
line.” Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 79–80.
——, ——, D. Fonteyn, and G. Brasseur, 2002: Impact of molecular
diffusion on the CO2 distribution and the temperature in
the mesosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1729, doi:10.1029/
2002GL015309.
Charron, M., and E. Manzini, 2002: Gravity waves from fronts:
Parameterization and middle atmosphere response in a general
circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 923–941.
Chen, L., J. London, and G. Brasseur, 1997: Middle atmospheric
ozone and temperature responses to solar irradiance variations
over 27-day periods. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29 957–
29 979.
Chipperfield, M. P., D. Cariolle, P. Simon, R. Ramaroson, and
D. J. Lary, 1993: A 3-dimensional modeling study of trace
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