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A new computational approach to reduce the signal from continuously recording gravimeters for the effect of atmospheric temperature
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/159 (2006)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
247–256
Issued date
2006
Alternative Location
Abstract
The experience of several authors has shown that continuous measurements of the gravity field, accomplished through spring
devices, are strongly affected by changes of the ambient temperature. The apparent, temperature-driven, gravity changes can be
up to one order of magnitude higher than the expected changes of the gravity field. Since these effects are frequency-dependent
and instrument-related, they must be removed through non-linear techniques and in a case-by-case fashion. Past studies have
demonstrated the effectiveness of a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm as a tool to reduce continuous gravity sequences for the effect of
external temperature changes. In the present work, an upgraded version of this previously employed algorithm is tested against
the signal from a gravimeter, which was installed in two different sites over consecutive 96-day and 163-day periods. The better
performance of the new algorithm with respect to the previous one is proven. Besides, inferences about the site and/or seasonal
dependence of the model structure are reported.
devices, are strongly affected by changes of the ambient temperature. The apparent, temperature-driven, gravity changes can be
up to one order of magnitude higher than the expected changes of the gravity field. Since these effects are frequency-dependent
and instrument-related, they must be removed through non-linear techniques and in a case-by-case fashion. Past studies have
demonstrated the effectiveness of a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm as a tool to reduce continuous gravity sequences for the effect of
external temperature changes. In the present work, an upgraded version of this previously employed algorithm is tested against
the signal from a gravimeter, which was installed in two different sites over consecutive 96-day and 163-day periods. The better
performance of the new algorithm with respect to the previous one is proven. Besides, inferences about the site and/or seasonal
dependence of the model structure are reported.
References
And`o, B., Carbone, D., 2001. A methodology for reducing a continuously
recording gravity meter for the effect of meteorological
parameters. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50 (5), 1248–1254.
And`o, B., Carbone, D., 2004. A test on a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm used
to reduce continuous gravity records for the effect of meteorological
parameters. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 142, 37–47.
And`o, B., Carbone, D., 2006.Acompensation strategy to reduce spring
gravimeter output for the effect of temperature: experimental validation.
In: Proceedings of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement
Technology Conference, Sorrento, Italy, pp. 2327–2331.
Caracausi, A., Ditta, M., Italiano, F., Longo, M., Nuccio, P.M., Paonita,
A., 2005. Massive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest
off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): inferences for explosive
conditions. Geochem. J. 39 (5), 459–467.
Carbone, D., Budetta, G., Greco, F., 2003a. Bulk processes some
months before the start of the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption, evidenced
through microgravity studies. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (B12), 2556,
doi:10.1029/2003JB002542.
Carbone, D., Budetta, G., Greco, F., Rymer, H., 2003b. Combined discrete
and continuous gravity observations at Mt. Etna. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 123, 123–135.
Dehant, V., 1987. Tidal parameters for an inelastic Earth. Phys. Earth
Planet. Int. 49, 97–116.
Eggers, A.A., 1983. Temporal gravity and elevation changes at
Pacaya volcano, Guatemala. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 19, 223–
237.
El Wahabi, A., Dittfeld, H.J., Simon, Z., 2000. Meteorological influence
on tidal gravimeter drift. Bull. Inform. Mar´ees Terrestres 133,
10403–10414.
El Wahabi, A., Ducarme, B., Van Ruymbeke, M., d’Orey`e, N.,
Somerhausen, A., 1997. Continuous gravity observations at
Mount Etna (Sicily) and correlations between temperature and
gravimetric records. Cah. Centre Eur. G´eodyn. S´eismol. 14,
105–119.
Harris, A.J.L., Stevenson, D.S., 1997. Magma budgets and steady state
activity of Vulcano and Stromboli. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (9),
1043–1046.
Jachens, R.C., Eaton, G.P., 1980. Geophysical observations of Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii. 1: Temporal gravity variations related to the 29
November 1975, M= 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse.
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7, 225–240.
Jousset, P., Dwipa, S., Beauducel, F., Duquesnoy, T., Diament, M.,
2000. Temporal gravity at Merapi during the 1993–1995 crisis:
an insight into the dynamical behaviour of volcanoes. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 100, 289–320.
LaCoste, Romber, 1997. General Catalog. Austin, TX, USA.
Ljung, L., 1987. System Identification: Theory for the User. Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NY, 609 pp.
Merriam, J.B., 1992. Atmospheric pressure and gravity. Geoph. J. Int.
109, 488–500.
Niebauer, T.M., 1988. Correcting gravity measurements for the effect
of local air pressure. J. Geoph. Res. 93, 7989–7991.
Papoulis, A., 1991. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes,
3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, NY.
Rymer, H., Brown, G.C., 1987. Causes of microgravity change at Poa’s
volcano, Costa Rica: an active but non-erupting system. Bull. Volcanol.
49, 389–398.
Rymer, H., Murray, J.B., Brown, G.C., Ferrucci, F., McGuire, J., 1993.
Mechanisms of magma eruption and emplacement at Mt. Etna
between 1989 and 1992. Nature 361, 439–441.
Sanderson, T.J.O., 1982. Direct gravimetric detection of magma movements
at Mount Etna. Nature 297, 487–490.
Spratt, R.S., 1982. Modelling the effect of atmospheric pressure variations
on gravity. Geoph. J. R. Astron. Soc. 71, 173–186.
Tamura, Y., 1987. A harmonic development of the tide-generating
potential. Bull. Inform. Mar´ees Terrestres 99, 6813–6855.
Torge, W., 1989. Gravimetry. Walter de Gruyter, NY, 465 pp.
Welch, P.D., 1967. The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation
of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short,
modified periodograms. IEEE Trans. Audio & Electroacoust. AU.
15, 70–73.
Wenzel, H.G., 1996. The nanogal software: Earth tide data processing
package ETERNA 3.30. Bull. Inform. Mar´ees Terrestres 124,
9425–9439.
recording gravity meter for the effect of meteorological
parameters. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50 (5), 1248–1254.
And`o, B., Carbone, D., 2004. A test on a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm used
to reduce continuous gravity records for the effect of meteorological
parameters. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 142, 37–47.
And`o, B., Carbone, D., 2006.Acompensation strategy to reduce spring
gravimeter output for the effect of temperature: experimental validation.
In: Proceedings of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement
Technology Conference, Sorrento, Italy, pp. 2327–2331.
Caracausi, A., Ditta, M., Italiano, F., Longo, M., Nuccio, P.M., Paonita,
A., 2005. Massive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest
off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): inferences for explosive
conditions. Geochem. J. 39 (5), 459–467.
Carbone, D., Budetta, G., Greco, F., 2003a. Bulk processes some
months before the start of the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption, evidenced
through microgravity studies. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (B12), 2556,
doi:10.1029/2003JB002542.
Carbone, D., Budetta, G., Greco, F., Rymer, H., 2003b. Combined discrete
and continuous gravity observations at Mt. Etna. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 123, 123–135.
Dehant, V., 1987. Tidal parameters for an inelastic Earth. Phys. Earth
Planet. Int. 49, 97–116.
Eggers, A.A., 1983. Temporal gravity and elevation changes at
Pacaya volcano, Guatemala. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 19, 223–
237.
El Wahabi, A., Dittfeld, H.J., Simon, Z., 2000. Meteorological influence
on tidal gravimeter drift. Bull. Inform. Mar´ees Terrestres 133,
10403–10414.
El Wahabi, A., Ducarme, B., Van Ruymbeke, M., d’Orey`e, N.,
Somerhausen, A., 1997. Continuous gravity observations at
Mount Etna (Sicily) and correlations between temperature and
gravimetric records. Cah. Centre Eur. G´eodyn. S´eismol. 14,
105–119.
Harris, A.J.L., Stevenson, D.S., 1997. Magma budgets and steady state
activity of Vulcano and Stromboli. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (9),
1043–1046.
Jachens, R.C., Eaton, G.P., 1980. Geophysical observations of Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii. 1: Temporal gravity variations related to the 29
November 1975, M= 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse.
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7, 225–240.
Jousset, P., Dwipa, S., Beauducel, F., Duquesnoy, T., Diament, M.,
2000. Temporal gravity at Merapi during the 1993–1995 crisis:
an insight into the dynamical behaviour of volcanoes. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 100, 289–320.
LaCoste, Romber, 1997. General Catalog. Austin, TX, USA.
Ljung, L., 1987. System Identification: Theory for the User. Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NY, 609 pp.
Merriam, J.B., 1992. Atmospheric pressure and gravity. Geoph. J. Int.
109, 488–500.
Niebauer, T.M., 1988. Correcting gravity measurements for the effect
of local air pressure. J. Geoph. Res. 93, 7989–7991.
Papoulis, A., 1991. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes,
3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, NY.
Rymer, H., Brown, G.C., 1987. Causes of microgravity change at Poa’s
volcano, Costa Rica: an active but non-erupting system. Bull. Volcanol.
49, 389–398.
Rymer, H., Murray, J.B., Brown, G.C., Ferrucci, F., McGuire, J., 1993.
Mechanisms of magma eruption and emplacement at Mt. Etna
between 1989 and 1992. Nature 361, 439–441.
Sanderson, T.J.O., 1982. Direct gravimetric detection of magma movements
at Mount Etna. Nature 297, 487–490.
Spratt, R.S., 1982. Modelling the effect of atmospheric pressure variations
on gravity. Geoph. J. R. Astron. Soc. 71, 173–186.
Tamura, Y., 1987. A harmonic development of the tide-generating
potential. Bull. Inform. Mar´ees Terrestres 99, 6813–6855.
Torge, W., 1989. Gravimetry. Walter de Gruyter, NY, 465 pp.
Welch, P.D., 1967. The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation
of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short,
modified periodograms. IEEE Trans. Audio & Electroacoust. AU.
15, 70–73.
Wenzel, H.G., 1996. The nanogal software: Earth tide data processing
package ETERNA 3.30. Bull. Inform. Mar´ees Terrestres 124,
9425–9439.
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