Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2218
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dc.contributor.authorallWerner, C.; Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Private Bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealanden
dc.contributor.authorallChiodini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.authorallGranieri, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.authorallCaliro, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.authorallAvino, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.authorallRusso, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.date.accessioned2007-07-03T07:45:19Zen
dc.date.available2007-07-03T07:45:19Zen
dc.date.issued2006en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2122/2218en
dc.description.abstractThe first measurements of volcanic/hydrothermal water vapor and heat flux using eddy covariance (EC) were made at Solfatara crater, Italy, June 8–25, 2001. Deployment at six different locations within the crater allowed areas of focused gas venting to be variably included in the measured flux. Turbulent (EC) fluxes of water vapor varied between 680 and 11200g H2O m−2 d−1. Heat fluxes varied diurnally with the solar input, and the volcanic component of sensible heat ranged from ∼25 to 238W m−2. The highest measurements of both sensible and latent heat flux were made downwind of hot soil regions and degassing pools and during mid-day. The ratio of average volcanic heat (both latent and sensible) to CO2 flux resulted in an equivalent H2O/CO2 flux ratio of 2.2 by weight, which reflects the deep source H2O/CO2 gas ratio. The amount latent heat flux/evaporation was determined to be consistent both with what would be expected from the magnitude of CO2 fluxes and the fumarolic H2O/CO2 ratio, as well as with observed surface temperatures and wind speeds given a moist soil. This suggests that the water vapor that condenses in the shallow subsurface is remobilized at the soil–atmosphere interface through variable evaporation dependent on the deep heat flux and surface temperature. The results suggest that EC provides a quick and easy method to monitor average H2O/CO2 ratios continuously in volcanic regions, providing another important tool for volcanic hazards monitoring.en
dc.format.extent653195 bytesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.language.isoEnglishen
dc.publisher.nameElsevieren
dc.relation.ispartofEarth and Planetary Science Lettersen
dc.relation.ispartofseries1-2/244 (2006)en
dc.subjecteddy covarianceen
dc.subjectvolcanicen
dc.subjectheat fluxen
dc.subjectwater vaporen
dc.subjecthydrothermalen
dc.subjectdegassingen
dc.subjectfluxen
dc.subjectemissionsen
dc.titleEddy covariance measurements of geothermal heat flux at Solfatara Volcano, Naples, Italyen
dc.typearticleen
dc.description.statusPublisheden
dc.type.QualityControlPeer-revieweden
dc.description.pagenumber72–82en
dc.identifier.URLwww.siencedirect.comen
dc.subject.INGV03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gasesen
dc.subject.INGV03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systemsen
dc.subject.INGV03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniquesen
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.044en
dc.relation.referencesG. Chiodini, F. Frondini, C. Cardellini, D. Granieri, L. Marini, G. Ventura, CO2 degassing and energy release at Solfatara volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 106 (B8) (2001) 16213–16221. D. Tedesco, Chemical and isotopic gas emissions at Campi- Flegrei — evidence for an aborted period of unrest, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 99 (B8) (1994) 15623–15631. C. Werner, J.C. Wyngaard, S. Brantley, Eddy-correlation measurement of hydrothermal gases, Geophysical Research Letters 27 (18) (2000) 2925–2929. C. Werner, G. Chiodini, D. Voigt, S. Caliro, R. Avino, M. Russo, T. Brombach, J. Wyngaard, S. Brantley, Monitoring volcanic hazard using eddy covariance at Solfatara volcano, Naples, Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210 (3–4) (2003) 561–577. D.E. Anderson, C.D. Farrar, Eddy covariance measurement of CO2 flux to the atmosphere from an area of high volcanogenic emissions, Mammoth Mountain, California, Chemical Geology 177 (1–2) (2001) 31–42. M.P. Hochstein, C.J. Bromley, Measurement of heat flux from steaming ground, Geothermics 34 (2) (2005) 131–158. M. Lardy, A. Tabbagh, Measuring and interpreting heat fluxes from shallow volcanic bodies using vertical temperature profiles: a preliminary test, Bulletin of Volcanology 60 (6) (1999) 441–447. G. Chiodini, D. Granieri, R. Avino, S. Caliro, A. Costa, C. Werner, Carbon dioxide diffuse degassing and estimation of heat release from volcanic and hydrothermal systems, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 110 (B8) (2005). T. Warner, Desert Meterology, Cambridge University Press, 2004. S.P. Arya, Introduction to Micrometeorology, Acacemic Press, Inc., London, 1988. A.P. Van Ulden, A.A.M. Holtslag, Estimation of atmospheric boundary layer parameters for diffusion application, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 24 (1985) 1196–1206. D. Granieri, G. Chiodini, W. Marzocchi, R. Avino, Continuous monitoring of CO2 soil diffuse degassing at Phlegraean Fields (Italy): influence of environmental and volcanic parameters, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 212 (1–2) (2003) 167–179. P.P. Bruno, A. Godio, G. Bais, G. Chiodini, V. Di Fiore, C. Strobbia, Shallow structure of the Solfatara volcano by multisource geophysical data, European Geophysical Union XXVII General Assembly, Nice, France, 2002. T. Marshall, J.W. Holmes, Soil Physics, Cambridge University Press, 1988. C. Taylor, The influence of antecedent rainfall on Sahelian surface evaporation, Hydrologial Processes 14 (2000) 1245–1259. R.N. Weisman, W. Breutsaert, Evaporation and cooling of a lake under unstable atmospheric conditions, Water Resources Research 9 (1973) 1242–1257. A.W. Hurst, R.R. Dibble, Bathymetry, heat output and convection in Ruapehu Crater Lake, New Zealand, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 9 (1981) 215–236.en
dc.description.fulltextreserveden
dc.contributor.authorWerner, C.en
dc.contributor.authorChiodini, G.en
dc.contributor.authorGranieri, D.en
dc.contributor.authorCaliro, S.en
dc.contributor.authorAvino, R.en
dc.contributor.authorRusso, M.en
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Private Bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealanden
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italiaen
item.openairetypearticle-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.grantfulltextrestricted-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0002-0628-8055-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0003-2831-723X-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0002-8522-6695-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0003-2686-220X-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0001-5161-5951-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.classification.parent03. Hydrosphere-
crisitem.classification.parent03. Hydrosphere-
crisitem.classification.parent03. Hydrosphere-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
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