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District-level mineral survey using airborne hyperspectral data, Los Menucos, Argentina
Issued date
February 2006
Issue/vol(year)
1/49 (2006)
Language
English
Abstract
The Los Menucos District, Rio Negro, Argentina, provides an excellent case history of a complex epithermal
gold system mapped and explored using a combination of field mapping and multispectral/hyperspectral remote
sensing. The district offers a host of argillic and advanced argillic alteration minerals at the surface, many of
which are difficult to identify visually. A strategy utilizing regional targeting with Landsat TM to optimize field
mapping followed by district-level survey with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data demonstrates the value added
by high-spectral resolution aircraft data. Standardized analysis methods consisting of spatial and spectral data
reduction to a few key endmember spectra provides a consistent way to map spectrally active minerals. Minerals
identified in the Los Menucos district using the JPL Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
(AVIRIS) include hematite, goethite, kaolinite, dickite, alunite, pyrophyllite, muscovite/sericite, montmorillonite,
calcite, and zeolites. Hyperspectral maps show good correspondence with the results of field reconnaissance
verification and spectral measurements acquired using an ASD field spectrometer. Further analysis of Hyperion
(satellite-based) hyperspectral data indicates that similar mapping results can be achieved from satellite
altitudes. These examples illustrate the high potential of hyperspectral remote sensing for geologic mapping and
mineral exploration.
gold system mapped and explored using a combination of field mapping and multispectral/hyperspectral remote
sensing. The district offers a host of argillic and advanced argillic alteration minerals at the surface, many of
which are difficult to identify visually. A strategy utilizing regional targeting with Landsat TM to optimize field
mapping followed by district-level survey with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data demonstrates the value added
by high-spectral resolution aircraft data. Standardized analysis methods consisting of spatial and spectral data
reduction to a few key endmember spectra provides a consistent way to map spectrally active minerals. Minerals
identified in the Los Menucos district using the JPL Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
(AVIRIS) include hematite, goethite, kaolinite, dickite, alunite, pyrophyllite, muscovite/sericite, montmorillonite,
calcite, and zeolites. Hyperspectral maps show good correspondence with the results of field reconnaissance
verification and spectral measurements acquired using an ASD field spectrometer. Further analysis of Hyperion
(satellite-based) hyperspectral data indicates that similar mapping results can be achieved from satellite
altitudes. These examples illustrate the high potential of hyperspectral remote sensing for geologic mapping and
mineral exploration.
References
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Analytical Imaging and Geophysics, LLC, p. 64.
BOARDMAN, J.W. (1993): Automated spectral unmixing of
AVIRIS data using convex geometry concepts, in Summaries,
Fourth JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 93-26, 1, 11-14.
BOARDMAN, J.W. (1998): Leveraging the high dimensionality
of AVIRIS data for improved sub-pixel target unmixing
and rejection of false positives: mixture tuned
matched filtering, in Summaries of the Seventh Annual
JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop, Pasadena, CA,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 97-21, 1, p. 55.
BOARDMAN, J.W. (1999): Precision geocoding of AVIRIS
low-altitude data: lessons learned in 1998, in Proceedings
of the 8th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 99-17, 63-68.
BOARDMAN, J.W. and F.A. KRUSE (1994): Automated spectral
analysis: A geological example using AVIRIS data, northern
Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, in Proceedings of the
Tenth Thematic Conference, Geologic Remote Sensing, 9-
12 May 1994, San Antonio, Texas, I-407-I-418.
BOARDMAN, J.W., F.A. KRUSE and R.O. GREEN (1995):
Mapping target signatures via partial unmixing of
AVIRIS data, in Summaries, Fifth JPL Airborne Earth
Science Workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ.
95-1, 1, 23-26.
CLARK, R.N., T.V.V. KING, M. KLEJWA and G.A. SWAYZE
(1990): High spectral resolution spectroscopy of minerals,
J. Geophys. Res., 95 (B8), 12653-12680.
FRANCO, S., N. PUENTE, C. VARELA and I. GEMUTS (2000):
Mineralizacion aurifera en El Distrito Los Menucos,
Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina, in Proceedings of
the Argentina Mining 2000, August 22-25, 2000, Mendoza,
Argentina, 112-126.
GEMUTS, I. and S. PERRY (2000): Los Menucos Au District,
Rio Negro Province,Argentina, Abstract and Presentation,
Northwest Mining Association, December 7-10,
2000, Spokane, Washington.
GOETZ, A.F.H., G. VANE, J.E. SOLOMON and B.N. ROCK
(1985): Imaging spectrometry for Earth remote sensing,
Science, 228, 1147-1153.
GREEN, A.A., M. BERMAN, B. SWITZER and M.D. CRAIG
(1988): A transformation for ordering multispectral data
in terms of image quality with implications for noise
removal, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 26 (1),
65-74.
GREEN, R.O., T.G. CHRIEN and B. PAVRI (2003): On-orbit
determination of the radiometric and spectral calibration
of Hyperion using ground, atmospheric and
AVIRIS underflight measurements, IEEE Trans. Geosci.
Remote Sensing, 41 (6), 1194-1203.
KRUSE, F.A. and A.B. LEFKOFF (1993): Knowledge-based
geologic mapping with imaging spectrometers, Remote
Sensing Rev., 8, 3-28.
KRUSE, F.A., A.B. LEFKOFF and J.B. DIETZ (1993): Expert
system-based mineral mapping in Northern Death Valley,
California/Nevada using the Airborne Visible/Infrared
Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), Remote Sensing
Environ, 44, 309-336.
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN and J.F. HUNTINGTON (1999),
Fifteen years of hyperspectral data: Northern Grapevine
Mountains, Nevada, in Proceedings of the 8th JPL
Airborne Earth Science Workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Publ. 99-17, 247-258.
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN and J.F. HUNTINGTON (2002a):
Comparison of EO-1 hyperion and airborne hyperspectral
remote sensing data for geologic applications, in
Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, 9-16
March 2002, Big Sky, Montana (CD-ROM), IEEE Cat.
No. 02TH8593C, Paper #6.0102, p. 12.
KRUSE, F.A., S.L. PERRY and A. CABALLERO (2002b): Integrated
multispectral and hyperspectral mineral mapping,
Los Menucos, Rio Negro, Argentina, Part I.
Landsat TM reconnaissance and AVIRIS prospect
mapping, in Proceedings of the 11th JPL Airborne
Geoscience Workshop, 4-8 March 2002, Pasadena, CA,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 03-4 (CD-ROM).
KRUSE, F.A., S.L. PERRY and A. CABALLERO (2002c): Integrated
multispectral and hyperspectral mineral mapping,
Los Menucos, Rio Negro, Argentina, Part II. EO-
1 Hyperion/AVIRIS comparisons and landsat TM/
ASTER extensions, in Proceedings of the 11th JPL Airborne
Geoscience Workshop, 4-8 March 2002, Pasadena,
CA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 03-4 (CDROM).
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN, J.E. HUNTINGTON, P. MASON
and M.A. QUIGLEY (2002d): Evaluation and validation
of EO-1 hyperion for geologic mapping, in Proceedings
of the IGARSS 2002, 24-28 June 2002, Toronto,
Canada, Paper 02_06_17:00 (CD ROM); IEEE Operations
Center, Piscataway, NJ, I, 593-595.
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN and J.F. HUNTINGTON (2003):
Evaluation and validation of EO-1 hyperion for mineral
mapping, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 41
(6), 1388-1400.
PEARLMAN, J., S. CARMAN, P. LEE, L. LIAO and C. SEGAL
(1999): Hyperion imaging spectrometer on the new
millennium program Earth Orbiter-1 system, in Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Spectral
Sensing Research (ISSSR), Systems and Sensors for the
New Millennium, International Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), (CD-ROM).
PERRY, S. and I. GEMUTS (2000): New high sulfidation gold
district: Los Menucos, Rio Negro Province, Argentina
- A landsat discovery, presented at Fourteenth International
Conference, Applied Geologic Remote Sensing,
November 6-8, 2000, Las Vegas, Nevada.
PORTER, W.M. and H.E. ENMARK (1987): System overview
of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
(AVIRIS), SPIE Proc., 834, 22-31.
ROWAN, L.C. and J.C. MARS (2003): Lithologic mapping in
the Mountain Pass, California area using Advanced
Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Spectrometer
(ASTER) data, Remote Sensing Environ., 84,
350-366.
RSI (2001): ENVI User’s Guide (Research Systems Inc.), p.
948.
Analytical Imaging and Geophysics, LLC, p. 64.
BOARDMAN, J.W. (1993): Automated spectral unmixing of
AVIRIS data using convex geometry concepts, in Summaries,
Fourth JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 93-26, 1, 11-14.
BOARDMAN, J.W. (1998): Leveraging the high dimensionality
of AVIRIS data for improved sub-pixel target unmixing
and rejection of false positives: mixture tuned
matched filtering, in Summaries of the Seventh Annual
JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop, Pasadena, CA,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 97-21, 1, p. 55.
BOARDMAN, J.W. (1999): Precision geocoding of AVIRIS
low-altitude data: lessons learned in 1998, in Proceedings
of the 8th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 99-17, 63-68.
BOARDMAN, J.W. and F.A. KRUSE (1994): Automated spectral
analysis: A geological example using AVIRIS data, northern
Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, in Proceedings of the
Tenth Thematic Conference, Geologic Remote Sensing, 9-
12 May 1994, San Antonio, Texas, I-407-I-418.
BOARDMAN, J.W., F.A. KRUSE and R.O. GREEN (1995):
Mapping target signatures via partial unmixing of
AVIRIS data, in Summaries, Fifth JPL Airborne Earth
Science Workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ.
95-1, 1, 23-26.
CLARK, R.N., T.V.V. KING, M. KLEJWA and G.A. SWAYZE
(1990): High spectral resolution spectroscopy of minerals,
J. Geophys. Res., 95 (B8), 12653-12680.
FRANCO, S., N. PUENTE, C. VARELA and I. GEMUTS (2000):
Mineralizacion aurifera en El Distrito Los Menucos,
Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina, in Proceedings of
the Argentina Mining 2000, August 22-25, 2000, Mendoza,
Argentina, 112-126.
GEMUTS, I. and S. PERRY (2000): Los Menucos Au District,
Rio Negro Province,Argentina, Abstract and Presentation,
Northwest Mining Association, December 7-10,
2000, Spokane, Washington.
GOETZ, A.F.H., G. VANE, J.E. SOLOMON and B.N. ROCK
(1985): Imaging spectrometry for Earth remote sensing,
Science, 228, 1147-1153.
GREEN, A.A., M. BERMAN, B. SWITZER and M.D. CRAIG
(1988): A transformation for ordering multispectral data
in terms of image quality with implications for noise
removal, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 26 (1),
65-74.
GREEN, R.O., T.G. CHRIEN and B. PAVRI (2003): On-orbit
determination of the radiometric and spectral calibration
of Hyperion using ground, atmospheric and
AVIRIS underflight measurements, IEEE Trans. Geosci.
Remote Sensing, 41 (6), 1194-1203.
KRUSE, F.A. and A.B. LEFKOFF (1993): Knowledge-based
geologic mapping with imaging spectrometers, Remote
Sensing Rev., 8, 3-28.
KRUSE, F.A., A.B. LEFKOFF and J.B. DIETZ (1993): Expert
system-based mineral mapping in Northern Death Valley,
California/Nevada using the Airborne Visible/Infrared
Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), Remote Sensing
Environ, 44, 309-336.
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN and J.F. HUNTINGTON (1999),
Fifteen years of hyperspectral data: Northern Grapevine
Mountains, Nevada, in Proceedings of the 8th JPL
Airborne Earth Science Workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Publ. 99-17, 247-258.
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN and J.F. HUNTINGTON (2002a):
Comparison of EO-1 hyperion and airborne hyperspectral
remote sensing data for geologic applications, in
Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, 9-16
March 2002, Big Sky, Montana (CD-ROM), IEEE Cat.
No. 02TH8593C, Paper #6.0102, p. 12.
KRUSE, F.A., S.L. PERRY and A. CABALLERO (2002b): Integrated
multispectral and hyperspectral mineral mapping,
Los Menucos, Rio Negro, Argentina, Part I.
Landsat TM reconnaissance and AVIRIS prospect
mapping, in Proceedings of the 11th JPL Airborne
Geoscience Workshop, 4-8 March 2002, Pasadena, CA,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 03-4 (CD-ROM).
KRUSE, F.A., S.L. PERRY and A. CABALLERO (2002c): Integrated
multispectral and hyperspectral mineral mapping,
Los Menucos, Rio Negro, Argentina, Part II. EO-
1 Hyperion/AVIRIS comparisons and landsat TM/
ASTER extensions, in Proceedings of the 11th JPL Airborne
Geoscience Workshop, 4-8 March 2002, Pasadena,
CA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publ. 03-4 (CDROM).
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN, J.E. HUNTINGTON, P. MASON
and M.A. QUIGLEY (2002d): Evaluation and validation
of EO-1 hyperion for geologic mapping, in Proceedings
of the IGARSS 2002, 24-28 June 2002, Toronto,
Canada, Paper 02_06_17:00 (CD ROM); IEEE Operations
Center, Piscataway, NJ, I, 593-595.
KRUSE, F.A., J.W. BOARDMAN and J.F. HUNTINGTON (2003):
Evaluation and validation of EO-1 hyperion for mineral
mapping, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 41
(6), 1388-1400.
PEARLMAN, J., S. CARMAN, P. LEE, L. LIAO and C. SEGAL
(1999): Hyperion imaging spectrometer on the new
millennium program Earth Orbiter-1 system, in Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Spectral
Sensing Research (ISSSR), Systems and Sensors for the
New Millennium, International Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), (CD-ROM).
PERRY, S. and I. GEMUTS (2000): New high sulfidation gold
district: Los Menucos, Rio Negro Province, Argentina
- A landsat discovery, presented at Fourteenth International
Conference, Applied Geologic Remote Sensing,
November 6-8, 2000, Las Vegas, Nevada.
PORTER, W.M. and H.E. ENMARK (1987): System overview
of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
(AVIRIS), SPIE Proc., 834, 22-31.
ROWAN, L.C. and J.C. MARS (2003): Lithologic mapping in
the Mountain Pass, California area using Advanced
Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Spectrometer
(ASTER) data, Remote Sensing Environ., 84,
350-366.
RSI (2001): ENVI User’s Guide (Research Systems Inc.), p.
948.
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