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Exceptional discovery of a shallow-water hydrothermal site in the SW area of Basiluzzo islet (Aeolian archipelago, South Tyrrhenian Sea): An environment to preserve
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/13 (2018)
Electronic ISSN
1932-6203
Issued date
January 4, 2018
Subjects
new shallow water hydrothermal vents over the Panarea volcanic area
Abstract
The geological, biological and geochemical features of a particular field of hydrothermal vents, discovered in the Panarea Volcanic Complex during a research survey carried out in 2015, are described for the first time. The site, located at 70-80 m depth off the South-western coast of the islet of Basiluzzo, was named Smoking Land for the presence of a large number of wide and high active chimneys and was characterized in terms of dissolved benthic fluxes, associated macrofauna and megafauna communities and preliminary mineralogy and geochemistry of chimney structures. On the whole field, a total of 39 chimneys, different in size and shape, were closely observed and described; 14 of them showed emission of low temperature hydrothermal fluids of marine origin characterized by acidified chemical conditions. The CTD and benthic chamber measurements highlighted that the Smoking Land is able to form a sea water bottom layer characterized by variable acidity and high DIC and trace elements concentrations; these characteristics weaken moving away from the chimney mouths. The SEM-EDS analysis of the collected solid samples revealed a chimney structure principally composed by amorphous and low crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxides of hydrothermal origins. The ROV explorations revealed a wide coverage of red algae (Peyssonnelia spp.) colonized by the green algae Flabiella petiolata and by suspension feeders, mainly sponges, but also bryozoans, and tubicolous polychaetes. Although novent-exclusive species were identified, the benthic communities found in association to the chimneys included more taxa than those observed in the surrounding no-vent rocky areas. These first findings evidence a submarine dynamic habitat where geological, chemical and biological processes are intimately connected, making the Smoking Land an important site in terms of marine heritage that should be safeguarded and protected.
References
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12. Caliro S, Caracausi A, Chiodini G, Ditta M, Italiano F, Longo M, et al. Evidence of a recent input of magmatic
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13. Caracausi A, Ditta M, Italiano F, Longo M, Nuccio PM, Paonita A, et al. Changes in fluid geochemistry
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outgassing off the island of Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geoch Cosmochim Ac. 2005a; 69: 3045±
3059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.02.011
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the volcanic unrest off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): inferences for explosive conditions. Geochem
J. 2005b; 39(5): 459±467.
15. Heinicke J, Italiano F, Maugeri R, Merkel B, Pohl T, Schipek M, et al. Evidence of tectonic control
on active arc volcanism: The Panarea-Stromboli tectonic link inferred by submarine hydrothermal
vents monitoring (Aeolian arc, Italy). Geophys Res Lett. 2009; 36(4). https://doi.org/10.1029/
2008gl036664
16. Marani MP, Gamberi F, Savelli C. Shallow-water polymetallic sulfide deposits in the Aeolian island arc.
Geology. 1997; 25: 815±818. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0815:SWPSDI>2.3.CO;2
17. Gamberi F, Savelli C, Marani MP, Ligi M, Bortoluzzi G, Landuzzi V, et al. Contesto morfotettonico e
depositi idrotermali di solfuri ed ossidi di ferro in una porzione sommersa dell'arco eoliano (in base ad
indagini ad alta definizione). Boll Soc Geol It. 1998; 117: 55±71.
18. Savelli C, Marani M, Gamberi F. Geochemistry of metalliferous, hydrothermal deposits in the Aeolian
Arc (Tyrrhenian Sea). J Volcanol Geoth Res. 1999; 88: 305±323.
19. Peters M, Strauss H, Petersen S, Kummer N-A, Thomazo C. Hydrothermalism in the Tyrrhenian Sea:
Inorganic anc microbial sulfur cycling as revealed by geochemical and multiple sulphur isotope data.
Chem Geol. 2011; 280: 217±231.
20. Giacobbe S, Cosentino A, Esposito V, Minerva CS, Romeo T, Canese S, et al. Amphipod-dominated
assemblage in the hydrothermal fields of Panarea twilight zone. Abstract volume of New frontiers in
Monitoring European Biodiversity-The role and importance of amphipod crustaceans. Palermo 27±29
settembre. 2011; p. 18±19.Esposito V, Giacobbe S, Cosentino A, Minerva CS, Romeo T, Canese S, et al. Distribution and ecology
of the tube-dweller Ampelisca ledoyeri (Amphipoda: Ampeliscidae) associated to the hydrothermal field
off Panarea Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean). Mar Biodiv. 2015; 45: 763±768. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s12526-014-0285-5
22. Bortoluzzi G, Spagnoli F, Aliani S, Romeo T, Canese S, Grassi M, et al. New geological, geophysical
and biological insights on the hydrothermal system of the Panarea Basiluzzo Volcanic complex (Aeolian
Islands, Tyrrhenian Sea). Congresso SGI-SIMP. 10±12 settembre Milano. 2014.
23. Bortoluzzi G, Romeo T, La Cono V, La Spada G, Esposito V, Sabatino G, et al. Ferrous iron- and ammonium-
rich diffuse vents support habitat-specific communities in a shallow hydrothermal field off the Basiluzzo
Islet (Aeolian Volcanic Archipelago). Geobiology 2017; 1±14. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12237
PMID: 28383164
24. Grassi M, Dialti L, Masetti G, Filippone M, Ricci E, Pratellesi M, et al. Rapporto sulle attività oceanografiche,
geochimiche, geologiche, geofisiche e di campionamento durante la crociera PANA13 con Nave
Magnaghi: Panarea, I. Eolie, Tirreno S. Orientale, 2013-06-02±2013-06-08. Istituto Idrografico della
Marina Militare, Genova; 2013.
25. Lucchi F, Tranne CA, Calanchi N, Keller J, Rossi PL. Geological map of Panarea and Minor Islets (Aeolian
Islands) (Scale 1:10000). University of Bologna, University of Freiburg and INGV, printed by LAC,
Firenze; 2003.
26. Favalli M, Karstson D, Mazzuoli R, Pareschi MT, Ventura G. Volcanic geomorphology and tectonics of
the Aeolian Archipelago (southern Italy) based on integrated DEM data. B Volcanol. 2005; 68: 157±
170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0429-3
27. Esposito A, Giordano G, Anzidei M. The 2002±2003 submarine gas eruption at Panarea volcano Aeolian
Islands, Italy: volcanology of the seafloor and implications for the hazard scenario. Mar Geol. 2006;
227: 119±134.
28. Gabbianelli G, Romagnoli C, Rossi PL, Calanchi N. Marine Geology of the Panarea-Stromboli area
(Aeolian Archipelago, southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Acta Vulcanol. 1993; 3: 11±20.
29. Gamberi F, Marani M, Savelli C. Tectonic, volcanic and hydrothermal features of a submarine portion of
the Aeolian arc (Tyrrhenian Sea). Mar Geol. 1997; 140: 167±181.
30. Hammond DE, Cummins KM, McManus J, Berelson WM, Smith G, Spagnoli F. Methods for measuring
benthic nutrient flux on the California Margin: Comparing shipboard core incubations to in situ lander
results. Limnol Oceanogr Methods. 2004; 2(6): 146±159.
31. Dickson AG, Goyet C. Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon
dioxide system in sea water. ORNL/CDIAC- 74, 107; 1994.
32. Clarke KR, Warwick RM. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation.
2nd edition. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, UK; 2001.
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