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Seismic footprints of shallow dyke propagation at Etna, Italy
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/5(2015)
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Pages (printed)
11908
Issued date
July 15, 2015
Alternative Location
Abstract
One of the key issues in forecasting volcanic eruptions is to detect signals that can track the propagation of dykes towards the surface. Continuous monitoring of active volcanoes helps significantly in achieving this goal. The seismic data presented here are unique, as they document surface faulting processes close (tens to a few hundred meters) to their source, namely the dyke tip. They originated nearby - and under - a seismic station that was subsequently destroyed by lava flows during eruptive activity at Etna volcano, Italy, in 2013. On February 20, a ~600 m-long and ~120 m wide NW-SE fracture field opened at an altitude between 2750 and 2900 m. The consequent rock dislocation caused the station to tilt and offset the seismic signal temporarily. Data acquisition continued until the arrival of the lava flow that led to the breakdown of the transmission system. Shallow ground fracturing and repeated low-frequency oscillations occurred during two stages in which the seismic signal underwent a maximum offset ~2.57 E+04 nm/s. Bridging instrumental recordings, fieldwork and conceptual modelling, these data are interpreted as the seismic footprints of a magmatic dyke intrusion that moved at speed ~0.02 m/s (first stage) and 0.46 m/s (second stage).
Sponsors
This work was supported by the MED-SUV project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308665.
References
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17. Falsaperla, S. et al. Effects of the 1989 fracture system in the dynamics of the upper SE flank of Etna revealed by volcanic tremor data: The missing link? J. Geophys. Res. 115, B11306 (2010).
18. Di Grazia, G., Falsaperla, S. & Langer, H. Volcanic tremor location during the 2004 Mount Etna lava effusion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L04304 (2006).
19. D’Agostino, M. et al. Volcano monitoring and early warning on Mt Etna based on volcanic tremor—Methods and technical aspects in Complex Monitoring of Volcanic Activity: Methods and Results, (ed Zobin, V. M.) Ch 4 (Nova Science, 2013).
20. Alparone, S. et al. Intrusive mechanism of the 2008-2009 Mt. Etna eruption: Constraints by tomographic images and stress tensor analysis. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 229-230, 50-63 (2012).
21. Carlson, R. L. The effects of alteration and porosity on seismic velocities in oceanic basalts and diabases. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 15, 4589-4598 (2014).
22. Miller, V., Voight, B., Ammon, C. J., Shalev, E. & Thompson, G. Seismic expression of magma‐induced crustal strains and localized fluid pressures during initial eruptive stages, Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L00E21 (2010).
23. De Gori, P., Chiarabba, C. & Patané, D. QP structure of Mount Etna: constraints for the physics of the plumbing system. J. Geophys. Res. 110, B05303 (2005).
24. Giampiccolo, E., D’Amico, S., Patane`, D. & Gresta, S. Attenuation and source parameters of shallow microearthquakes at Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 97, 1B, 184–197 (2007).
25. Ferrari, L., Garduno, V. H. & Neri, M. I dicchi della Valle del Bove, Etna: un metodo per stimare le dilatazioni di un apparato vulcanico. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 47, 495–508 (1991).
26. Hjartardóttir, A. R., Einarsson, P., Bramham, E. & Wright, T. J. The Krafla fissure swarm, Iceland, and its formation by rifting events. Bull. Volcanol. 74, 2139–2153 (2012).
27. Gudmundsson, A., Lecoeur, N., Mohajeri, N. & Thordarson, T. Dike emplacement at Bardarbunga, Iceland, induces unusual stress changes, caldera deformation, and earthquakes. Bull Volcanol. 76:869, DOI:10.1007/s00445-014-0869-8 (2014).
2. Cappello, A. et al. Spatial vent opening probability map of Mt Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy). Bull. Volcanol. 74, 2083–2094 (2012).
3. Bousquet, J. C. & Lanzafame, G. Nouvelle interprétation des fractures des éruptions latérales de l’Etna: conséquences pour son cadre tectonique. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 172, 455-467 (2001).
4. Acocella, V., Neri, M. & Sulpizio, R. Dike propagation within active central volcanic edifices: constraints from Somma-Vesuvius, Etna and analogue models. Bull. Volcanol. 71, 219–223 (2009).
5. Neri, M. et al. Structural analysis of the eruptive fissures at Mount Etna (Italy). Ann. Geophys. 54, 464-479 (2011).
6. Billi, A. et al. Mechanisms for ground-surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated to the July-August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: analysis of ephemeral field data. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 122, 281-294 (2003).
7. Neri, M. & Acocella, V. The 2004-05 Etna eruption: implications for flank deformation and structural behaviour of the volcano. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 158, 195-206 (2006).
8. Geshi, N. & Neri, M. Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes: the exceptional example of the 1809 Etna eruption (Italy). Front. Earth Sci. 2:13, DOI:10.3389/feart.2014.00013 (2014).
9. Gudmundsson, A. Infrastructure and mechanics of volcanic systems in Iceland. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 64, 1-22 (1995).
10. Lundgren, P. et al. Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kılauea Volcano, Hawai`i. J. Geophys. Res. 118, 897–914 (2013).
11. Acocella, V., Neri, M. & Scarlato, P. Understanding shallow magma emplacement at volcanoes: orthogonal feeder dikes during the 2002–2003 Stromboli (Italy) eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L17310 (2006).
12. Neri, M. & Lanzafame, G. Structural features of the 2007 Stromboli eruption. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 182, 137-144 (2009).
13. Gudmundsson, A. Surface stresses associated with arrested dykes in rift zones. Bull. Volcanol. 65, 606-619 (2003).
14. Del Negro, C. et al. Lava flow hazards at Etna volcano: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations. Sci. Rep. 3:3493, DOI:10.1038/srep03493 (2013).
15. Behncke, B. et al. The 2011–2012 summit activity of Mount Etna: Birth, growth and products of the new SE crater. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 270, 10-21 (2014).
16. Vicari, A. et al. Near-real-time forecasting of lava flow hazards during the 12–13 January 2011 Etna eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L13317 (2011).
17. Falsaperla, S. et al. Effects of the 1989 fracture system in the dynamics of the upper SE flank of Etna revealed by volcanic tremor data: The missing link? J. Geophys. Res. 115, B11306 (2010).
18. Di Grazia, G., Falsaperla, S. & Langer, H. Volcanic tremor location during the 2004 Mount Etna lava effusion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L04304 (2006).
19. D’Agostino, M. et al. Volcano monitoring and early warning on Mt Etna based on volcanic tremor—Methods and technical aspects in Complex Monitoring of Volcanic Activity: Methods and Results, (ed Zobin, V. M.) Ch 4 (Nova Science, 2013).
20. Alparone, S. et al. Intrusive mechanism of the 2008-2009 Mt. Etna eruption: Constraints by tomographic images and stress tensor analysis. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 229-230, 50-63 (2012).
21. Carlson, R. L. The effects of alteration and porosity on seismic velocities in oceanic basalts and diabases. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 15, 4589-4598 (2014).
22. Miller, V., Voight, B., Ammon, C. J., Shalev, E. & Thompson, G. Seismic expression of magma‐induced crustal strains and localized fluid pressures during initial eruptive stages, Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L00E21 (2010).
23. De Gori, P., Chiarabba, C. & Patané, D. QP structure of Mount Etna: constraints for the physics of the plumbing system. J. Geophys. Res. 110, B05303 (2005).
24. Giampiccolo, E., D’Amico, S., Patane`, D. & Gresta, S. Attenuation and source parameters of shallow microearthquakes at Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 97, 1B, 184–197 (2007).
25. Ferrari, L., Garduno, V. H. & Neri, M. I dicchi della Valle del Bove, Etna: un metodo per stimare le dilatazioni di un apparato vulcanico. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 47, 495–508 (1991).
26. Hjartardóttir, A. R., Einarsson, P., Bramham, E. & Wright, T. J. The Krafla fissure swarm, Iceland, and its formation by rifting events. Bull. Volcanol. 74, 2139–2153 (2012).
27. Gudmundsson, A., Lecoeur, N., Mohajeri, N. & Thordarson, T. Dike emplacement at Bardarbunga, Iceland, induces unusual stress changes, caldera deformation, and earthquakes. Bull Volcanol. 76:869, DOI:10.1007/s00445-014-0869-8 (2014).
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