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Active tectonic features and structural dynamics of the summit area of Mt. Etna (Italy) revealed by soil CO2 and soil temperature surveying
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
5A. Energia e georisorse
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/311 (2016)
ISSN
0377-0273
Electronic ISSN
1872-6097
Publisher
Elsevier Science Limited
Pages (printed)
79-98
Issued date
2016
Alternative Location
Abstract
This work presents the results of an extensive geochemical survey aimed at measuring soil CO2 effluxes and soil
temperatures over a large portion of Mt. Etna's summit area, coupled with an updated structural survey of the
same area. The main goals of this study were i) to find concealed or hidden volcano-tectonic structures in the
studied area by detecting anomalous soil gas emissions, ii) to investigate the origin of the emitted gas and the
mechanism of gas and heat transport to the surface, iii) to produce a structural model based both on the surface
geology and on the soil gas data and, lastly, iv) to contribute to the assessment of hazard from slope failure and
crater collapses at Mt. Etna. The results revealed many concealed structural lines that followed the major directions
of structural weakness in the summit area of Mt. Etna, mostly due to a combined action of gravitational
spreading of the volcano and magma intrusions. Both recent and old volcano-tectonic lines were found to act
as pathways for the leakage of magmatic gases to the surface. An important role in driving magmatic gases to
the surface is also played by fracturing and faulting due to caldera-forming collapses and smaller crater collapses.
Correlation between soil CO2 emissions and soil temperature allowed discriminating areas of active shallow hydrothermal
circulation along deep fractures (characterized by high values of both parameters, but mostly soil
temperature) from those affected by undeveloped fractures that did not reach the surface (characterized by
high CO2 emissions at low temperature). The former corresponded to weak zones of the volcano edifice that
were frequently site of past eruptions, indicating that those areas keep a high potential for future opening of
eruptive fissures. The latter were likely related to sites where new eruptive fissures may open in the near future
due to backward propagation of extensional tectonic stress.
temperatures over a large portion of Mt. Etna's summit area, coupled with an updated structural survey of the
same area. The main goals of this study were i) to find concealed or hidden volcano-tectonic structures in the
studied area by detecting anomalous soil gas emissions, ii) to investigate the origin of the emitted gas and the
mechanism of gas and heat transport to the surface, iii) to produce a structural model based both on the surface
geology and on the soil gas data and, lastly, iv) to contribute to the assessment of hazard from slope failure and
crater collapses at Mt. Etna. The results revealed many concealed structural lines that followed the major directions
of structural weakness in the summit area of Mt. Etna, mostly due to a combined action of gravitational
spreading of the volcano and magma intrusions. Both recent and old volcano-tectonic lines were found to act
as pathways for the leakage of magmatic gases to the surface. An important role in driving magmatic gases to
the surface is also played by fracturing and faulting due to caldera-forming collapses and smaller crater collapses.
Correlation between soil CO2 emissions and soil temperature allowed discriminating areas of active shallow hydrothermal
circulation along deep fractures (characterized by high values of both parameters, but mostly soil
temperature) from those affected by undeveloped fractures that did not reach the surface (characterized by
high CO2 emissions at low temperature). The former corresponded to weak zones of the volcano edifice that
were frequently site of past eruptions, indicating that those areas keep a high potential for future opening of
eruptive fissures. The latter were likely related to sites where new eruptive fissures may open in the near future
due to backward propagation of extensional tectonic stress.
Sponsors
project CGL2005-07509/CLI,
Ministry of Education and Science of Spain; DPC-INGV project FLANK; Istituto Nazionale di
Geofisica e Vulcanologia — Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania
Ministry of Education and Science of Spain; DPC-INGV project FLANK; Istituto Nazionale di
Geofisica e Vulcanologia — Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania
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