http://hdl.handle.net/2122/282 Fri, 24 May 2013 16:11:18 GMT 2013-05-24T16:11:18Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7196 Title: Damaging hydrogeological events in Calabria (Italy): new results of an ongoing historical research Authors: Polemio, M.; CNR-IRPI; Pasqua, A.A.; CNR-IRPI; Petrucci, O.; CNR-IRPI Abstract: Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are episodes of severe weather conditions characterised by strong winds, heavy rainfall, landslides, flooding, and sea storms. Each type of phenomenon developing during DHEs is characterized by a proper dynamic and, according to the social and economical framework in which develops, it can cause different impacts on people and properties. Despite during storms all these phenomena occur at the same time (or in a short while), often amplifying damage and hinting emergency management, studies available in literature tend to analyze each type of phenomenon separately, supplying a fragmentary framework of either causes (rainfall) and effects (damage). A database concerning DHEs occurred in Calabria (southern Italy) since 1800 has been recently updated, by continuing a historical research which has been started since 2000. Basing on this huge amount of data (more than 10,000 records), an analysis of the series of DHEs occurred in a selected area/period is carried out. Both the methodological framework for DHEs analysis, based on damage classification and a classification of different DHEs types are presented. Mon, 05 Sep 2011 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7196 2011-09-05T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7104 Title: Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas Authors: Ruhl, H. A.; NOCS; Andrè, M.; UPC; Beranzoli, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Çagatay, M. N.; ITU; Colaço, A.; Univ. Azores; Cannat, M.; IPGP; Dañobeitia, J. J.; CSIC-UTM; Favali, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Géli, L.; IFREMER; Gillooly, M.; IMI; Greinert, J.; NIOZ; Hall, P. O. J.; Univ. Goteborg; Huber, R.; MARUM; Karstensen, J.; Univ. Kiel; Lampitt, R. S.; NOCS; Larkin, K. E.; NOCS; Lykousis, V.; HCMR; Mienert, J.; Univ. Tromsø; Miranda, J. M.; Univ. Lisboa; Person, R.; IFREMER; Priede, I. G.; Univ. Aberdeen; Puillat, I.; IFREMER; Thomsen, L.; Jacobs Univ. Bremen; Waldmann, C.; MARUM Abstract: Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate. Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related? The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised. Fri, 31 Dec 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7104 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6151 Title: Apulian coastal aquifers and management criteria Authors: Polemio, M.; CNR-IRPI; Casarano, D.; CNR-IRPI; Limoni, P.P:; CNR-IRPI Editors: Condesso de Melo, M. T.; Lebbe, L.; Cruz, J.V.; Coutinho, R.; Langevin, C.; Buxo, A. Abstract: The quality of groundwater of Apulian carbonate aquifers is severely affected by salt quality degradation due to seawater intrusion which reduces the availability of high quality groundwater. To reduce these risks, some regional regulations were defined from seventies with the purpose to control the number of wells, the location and the authorised well discharge. The practical effects of these management criteria, the temporal and spatial trend of recharge, groundwater quality and seawater intrusion effects are discussed. Proposals for new management criteria are defined. Sun, 20 Jun 2010 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6151 2010-06-20T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5644 Title: The great Adriatic flood of 21 June 1978 revisited: an overview of the reports Authors: Vucetic, T.; Obala 4, Vela Luka, Croatia; Vilibic, I.; Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia; Tinti, S.; Dip.to di Fisica, Settore Geofisica, University of Bologna; Maramai, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Abstract: This paper describes an extraordinary tsunami-like event that occurred on 21 June 1978 that encompassed the middle and south Adriatic Sea. The flood had its culmination in Vela Luka, where a maximum wave height of 6 m was reported. This paper contains a detailed description of the event as seen by eyewitnesses, its outreach along both the eastern and western coasts, and the aftermath and recovery activities in Vela Luka. All available records have been collected and analysed to detect the source and the generating mechanism of the long ocean waves. Seismic generation is fully excluded from the consideration, while a submarine landslide seems rather unrealistic as it does not explain the characteristics of the measured ocean waves. Therefore, the source of the event was presumably in the atmosphere, where a travelling disturbance was detected that had the capability to resonantly transfer energy to the ocean via the Proudman resonance mechanism. Although these data prove the proposed mechanism, the final confirmation for such a scenario should come from a process-oriented numerical modelling study. Wed, 31 Dec 2008 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5644 2008-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4547 Title: Estimating thermal inflow to El Chichón crater lake using the energy-budget, chemical and isotope balance approaches Authors: Taran, Y.; Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México; Rouwet, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia Abstract: El Chichón crater lake appeared immediately after the 1982 catastrophic eruption in a newly formed, 1-km wide, explosive crater. During the first 2 years after the eruption the lake transformed from hot and ultraacidic caused by dissolution of magmatic gases, to a warm and less acidic lake due to a rapid “magmatic-tohydrothermal transition” — input of hydrothermal fluids and oxidation of H2S to sulfate. Chemical composition of the lake water and other thermal fluids discharging in the crater, stable isotope composition (δD and δ18O) of lake water, gas condensates and thermal waters collected in 1995–2006 were used for the mass-balance calculations (Cl, SO4 and isotopic composition) of the thermal flux from the crater floor. The calculated fluxes of thermal fluid by different mass-balance approaches become of the same order of magnitude as those derived from the energy-budget model if values of 1.9 and 2 mmol/mol are taken for the catchment coefficient and the average H2S concentration in the hydrothermal vapors, respectively. The total heat power from the crater is estimated to be between 35 and 60 MW and the CO2 flux is not higher than 150 t/day or ~200 gm−2 day−1. Tue, 15 Apr 2008 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4547 2008-04-15T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1949 Title: Satellite differential SAR interferometry for the evaluation of effects of hydrogeological disasters: definition of a scale for damage evaluation Authors: Rizzo, V.; Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI), CNR, Rende (CS), Italy; Iodice, A.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni, Università degli Studi di Napoli «Federico II», Napoli, Italy Abstract: In this paper we present the results of monitoring soil movements over an about 10 km2 area around the border between the Calabria and Basilicata regions in Italy. Monitoring has been performed using the satellite differential SAR interferometry measurements integrated with GPS measurements. In particular, we used ERS data acquired at time interval of several months (about two acquisitions per year), and after particularly strong pluvial events. Terrain displacement spatial and temporal analysis has been performed by employing the original method described in Berardino et al. (2002, 2003). Obtained results allow us to characterise unstable areas, and can be used within projects aimed at territory classification and characterisation, and at performing damage evaluation. Accordingly, this technique has been included in the framework of a proposed UE project (WEDELOP project) aimed at developing an integrated methodology to devise a damage scale for hydrogeological disasters. This scale is of great interest in many fields; in particular, definition of a damage scale would be highly desirable from the viewpoint of insurance companie Tue, 31 Jan 2006 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1949 2006-01-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1121 Title: The high resolution bathymetric map of the exhalative area of Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Italy) Authors: Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Esposito, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Bortoluzzi, G.; Istituto di Geologia Marina (ISMAR), CNR, Bologna, Italy; De Giosa, F.; Coastal Consulting and Exploration srl, Bari, Italy Abstract: On November 3, 2002 a shallow submarine gas eruption occurred in an area of 2.3 km2 east of Panarea (Aeolian volcanic arc, Southern Thyrrenian Sea, Italy). The exhalative area, surrounded by the islets of Dattilo, Panarelli, Lisca Bianca, Bottaro and Lisca Nera, has been known since historical times for the hydrothermal activity related to the Panarea volcanic complex. Due to the exceptional characteristics of the phenomenon, different geological, geochemical, geophysical and studies were carried out in this still poorly known volcanic area. A particular effort was devoted to producing a high resolution bathymetric map that also aimed to estimate the amount and location of the active exhalative centers and their variations in space and time. Data were obtained by three RTK multibeam surveys performed between December 2002 and December 2003. Here we show and discuss the technical details of the bathymetric surveys, the bathymetric map at 0.5 m resolution, and the accurate location of the 606 main exhalative centres active during the 2002-2003 crisis. The bathymetric data and the maps show two prevailing principal NE-SW and NW-SE alignments that match the spatial distribution of the exhalation centres. The accurate positioning at submeter accuracy of the gas vents is useful in the monitoring activity and to study their temporal and spatial variability. Wed, 30 Nov 2005 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1121 2005-11-30T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/504 Title: Self-potential signals associated with preferential ground water flow pathways in a buried paleo-channel Authors: Revil, A.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Cézanne-Aix-Marseille III, CEREGE, Equipe Hydrogéophysique et Milieux Poreux, Aix-en-Provence, France.; Cary, L.; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux, Aix-en-Provence, France.; Fan, Q.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Cézanne-Aix-Marseille III, CEREGE, Equipe Hydrogéophysique et Milieux Poreux, Aix-en-Provence, France.; Finizola, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Trolard, F.; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux, Aix-en-Provence, France. Abstract: The flow of ground water in a buried permeable paleochannel can be observed at the ground surface through its self-potential signature. We apply this method to delineate the Saint-Ferréol paleo-channel of the Rhone River located in Camargue, in the South East of France. Negative potentials, 30 mV (reference taken outside the paleochannel),are associated with ground water flow in this major sand-filled channel (500 m wide). Electrical resistivity is primarily controls by the salinity of the pore water. Electrical resistivity tomography and in situ sampling show the salinity of the water inside the paleo-channel is ten times smaller by comparison with the pore water of the surrounding sediments. Combining electrical resistivity surveys, self-potential data, and a minimum of drilling information, a 3-D reconstruction of the architecture of the paleo-channel is obtained showing the usefulness of this methodology for geomorphological reconstructions in this type of coastal environment. Fri, 31 Dec 2004 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/504 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/503 Title: The buried caldera of Misti volcano, Peru, revealed by combining a self-potential survey with elliptic Fourier function analysis of topography Authors: Tort, A.; Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Universite´ Blaise Pascal et CNRS, OPGC, IRD, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Finizola, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia Abstract: This survey proposes a new approach to identify buried caldera boundaries of a volcanic cone, combining (1) a systematic elliptic Fourier functions (EFF) analysis on the contour lines based on the external shape of the edifice with (2) self-potential (SP) measurements on volcano flanks. The methodology of this approach is to investigate the relationships between (1) vertical morphological changes inferred from EFF analysis and (2) lateral lithological transition inside the edifice inferred from SP/elevation gradients. The application of these methods on Misti volcano in southern Peru displays a very good correlation. The three main boundaries evidenced by hierarchical cluster analysis on the contour lines coincide with the two main boundaries characterised by SP signal and with a secondary SP signature related with a summit caldera. In order to explain these results showing a very good correlation between morphologic and lithologic changes as function of elevation, caldera boundaries have been suggested. The latter would be located at an average elevation of (1) 4350–4400 m, (2) 4950–5000 m, and (3) 5500– 5550 m. For the lowest boundary in elevation, the coincidence with the lateral extension of the hydrothermal system inferred from SP measurements suggests that caldera walls act as a barrier for lateral extension of hydrothermal systems. In the summit area, the highest boundary has been related with the summit caldera, inferred by a secondary SP minimum and geological evidence. Fri, 31 Dec 2004 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/503 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/416 Title: Geochemical processes governing the chemistry of groundwater hosted within the Hyblean aquifers Authors: Grassa, F.; PhD Thesis Abstract: A raingauge network made of six stations was installed in the Hyblean region. Stations were located at different altitudes (from 5 m to 986 m a.s.l.) and along two directions (E-W and SW-NE). Rainwater samples were monthly collected for stable isotope measurements. Spatial distribution of rainwater isotope composition has confirmed the wet air masses move from South-East/South-West toward North. Water balance has highlighted that the annual volume of infiltrating waters is in the range of 1-1.5 *105 m3 Km-2. 82 well waters and 12 spring waters located within the Hyblean Plateau (South-Estern Sicily), were also collected from 1999 to 2001 during several surveys for chemical (major,minor and trace elements) analyses. Water chemistry allowed to identify two main aquifers: the first aquifer hosted within sedimentary rocks is characterized by earthalkaline bicarbonate waters, while the second aquifer, located within the volcanic deposits (mainly towards North- North-East) is characterized by groundwaters evolving from earthalkaline bicarbonate water-type towards a Na-HCO3-type. A slightly anomaly in water temperature (24-28°C) have been identified along the northern margin, while the lower Eh values have been recorded along the M.Lauro-Scicli and the Hyblean Malta Escarpment fault systems. Isotope composition of groundwaters has suggested the occurrence of evaporative processes during soil infiltration having a dD/d18O slope close to 4.5. Chemical and isotope composition of dissolved gases (d13CTDIC, d13CCH4, 3He/4He) have revealed, as expected, that deeply-derived gases rise along the main tectonic discontinuities. Chemical and isotope analyses of dissolved carbon have revealed the existence of two sampling sites (NA and FE samples) attesting the interaction between groundwaters and a consistent amount of deep inorganic carbon dioxide. He isotope ratios (from 0.81Ra to 6.19 Ra) have revealed the occurrence of mixing process, in different proportions, between crustal and mantle components. On the base of the obtained results, a clear picture of the groundwaters circulation within the Hyblean aquifers has been drawn. In framework of projecting of a geochemical network for the continuous monitoring of the local seismic activity the most suitable geochemical parameters and the sites of great interest have been identified. Mon, 31 Dec 2001 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/416 2001-12-31T23:00:00Z