http://hdl.handle.net/2122/245 Mon, 20 May 2013 16:55:52 GMT 2013-05-20T16:55:52Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8709 Title: Noise measurements at seismic array in the drilling site of Bagnolifutura, Campi Flegrei Authors: Petrosino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Bianco, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Bobbio, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Castellano, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Cusano, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Del Pezzo, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Galluzzo, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; La Rocca, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Maiello, V.; Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope Abstract: In 2012 two seismic surveys were carried out in the area of Bagnolifutura (Campi Flegrei, Naples), with the aim of characterizing the properties of the seismic noise during the drilling activity performed in the framework of the Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project (CFDDP; https://sites.google.com/site/cfddpproject/). During the first survey, which was conducted from 2 to 4 April, before the drilling, seven broadband three-component seismometers were installed in two different array configurations. The second survey started on November 26, in concomitance with the drilling operations and fluid injection, and ended on December 5, four days after the end of the drilling, when the maximum depth of 502 m was reached. During this period seven broadband and one short-period three-component sensors were installed. A preliminary spectral analysis was performed on samples of seismic noise; moreover the root mean square of the amplitude of the signals and the polarization parameters were calculated. The preliminary results show similar spectral and polarization features for the data of the two surveys, whereas the amplitude of the seismic noise collected during the second survey is greatly influenced by the bad meteorological conditions. As future development experimental site transfer functions from Nakamura’s technique and surface wave dispersion from array techniques will be calculated to obtain the shallow crustal structure. The results corresponding to the different phases of the drilling activity will be compared, with the aim of establishing if significant variations of the medium properties have occurred during the experiment. Moreover the recorded signals will be deeply investigated in order to detect the eventual occurrence of microseismicity induced by fluid injection and to define its features. Tue, 30 Apr 2013 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8709 2013-04-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8707 Title: A laser scanning-based method for fast estimation of seismic-induced building deformations Authors: Pesci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Teza, G.; Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova; Bonali, E.; DAPT, Università di Bologna; Casula, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Boschi, E.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna Abstract: Monitoring damaged buildings in an area where an earthquake has occurred requires the use of techniques which provide rapid and safe measurements even in emergency conditions. In particular, remote sensing techniques like terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can satisfy these requirements, since they produce very dense point clouds in little time and also allow an accurate geometric modeling of observed buildings. Nevertheless, strong constraints on TLS data acquisition geometry, such as acquisition distance and incidence angles, typically characterize an area in seismic emergency conditions. In order to correctly interpret the data, it is necessary to estimate errors affecting TLS measurements in these critical conditions. A reliable estimation can be achieved by means of experiments and numerical simulations aimed at quantifying a realistic noise level, with emphasis on reduction of artifacts due to data acquisition, registration and modeling. This paper proposes a data analysis strategy in which TLS-based morphological maps computed as point-to-primitive differences are created. The method can be easily used for accurate surveying in emergency conditions. In order to demonstrate the proposed method in very diverse situations, it was applied to rapidly detect deformation traces in the San Giacomo Roncole Campanile (Modena), the Asinelli tower (Bologna) and the Cantalovo Church (Verona), three buildings damaged by the Mw 5.9 Emilia Romagna 2012 earthquake (Italy). 2013 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS) Published by Elsevier Wed, 27 Feb 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8707 2013-02-27T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8675 Title: The Interreg IV Italia-Austria "SeismoSAT" Project: connecting Seismic Data Centers via satellite Authors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Lenhardt, Wolfgang; ZAMG; Rauch, Markus; Protezione Civile Bolzano; Zivcic, Mladen; ARSO; Steiner, Rudolf; ZAMG; Fabris, Paolo; OGS; Bertoni, Michele; OGS Editors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Busby, Robert; IRIS Abstract: Since 2002 the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenija) are using the Antelope software suite as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in real time, initially in the framework of the EU Interreg IIIA project “Trans-national seismological networks in the South-Eastern Alps”. The data exchange has proved to be effective and very useful in case of seismic events near the borders between Italy, Austria and Slovenia, where the poor single national seismic networks coverage precluded a correct localization, while the usage of common data from the integrated networks improves considerably the overall reliability of real time seismic monitoring of the area. At the moment the data exchange between the seismic data centers relies on internet: this however is not an ideal condition for civil protection purposes, since internet reliability is poor. For this reason in 2012 the Protezione Civile della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano in Bolzano (Italy) joined OGS, ZAMG and ARSO in the Interreg IV Italia-Austria Project “SeismoSAT” aimed in connecting the seismic data centers in real time via satellite. The general schema of the project, including first data bandwith estimates and a possible architecture will be illustrated. Thu, 11 Apr 2013 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8675 2013-04-11T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8674 Title: The Interreg IV Italia-Austria "SeismoSAT" Project: connecting Seismic Data Centers via satellite Authors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Lenhardt, Wolfgang; ZAMG; Rauch, Markus; Protezione Civile Bolzano; Zivcic, Mladen; ARSO; Steiner, Rudolf; ZAMG; Fabris, Paolo; OGS; Bertoni, Michele; OGS Editors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Busby, Robert; IRIS Abstract: Since 2002 the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenija) are using the Antelope software suite as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in real time, initially in the framework of the EU Interreg IIIA project “Trans-national seismological networks in the South-Eastern Alps”. The data exchange has proved to be effective and very useful in case of seismic events near the borders between Italy, Austria and Slovenia, where the poor single national seismic networks coverage precluded a correct localization, while the usage of common data from the integrated networks improves considerably the overall reliability of real time seismic monitoring of the area. At the moment the data exchange between the seismic data centers relies on internet: this however is not an ideal condition for civil protection purposes, since internet reliability is poor. For this reason in 2012 the Protezione Civile della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano in Bolzano (Italy) joined OGS, ZAMG and ARSO in the Interreg IV Italia-Austria Project “SeismoSAT” aimed in connecting the seismic data centers in real time via satellite. The general schema of the project, including first data bandwith estimates and a possible architecture will be illustrated. Mon, 11 Mar 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8674 2013-03-11T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8673 Title: OGS improvements in 2012 in running the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: the Ferrara VBB borehole seismic station Authors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Romanelli, Marco; OGS; Barnaba, Carla; OGS; Bragato, Pier Luigi; OGS; Durì, Giorgio; OGS Editors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Busby, Robert; IRIS Abstract: The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude M=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: it currently consists of 17 very sensitive broad band and 18 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data center in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about 100 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of Northeastern Italy. The southwestern edge of the OGS seismic network stands on the Po alluvial basin: earthquake localization and characterization in this area is affected by the presence of soft alluvial deposits. OGS ha already experience in running a local seismic network in high noise conditions making use of borehole installations in the case of the micro-seismicity monitoring of a local gas storage site for a private company. Following the ML=5.9 earthquake that struck the Emilia region around Ferrara in Northern Italy on May 20, 2012 at 02:03:53 UTC, a cooperation of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, OGS, the Comune di Ferrara and the University of Ferrara lead to the reinstallation of a previously existing very broad band (VBB) borehole seismic station in Ferrara. The aim of the OGS intervention was on one hand to extend its real time seismic monitoring capabilities toward South-West, including Ferrara and its surroundings, and on the other hand to evaluate the seismic response at the site. We will describe improvements in running the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network, including details of the Ferrara VBB borehole station configuration and installation, with first results. Wed, 10 Apr 2013 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8673 2013-04-10T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8672 Title: OGS improvements in 2012 in running the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: the Ferrara VBB borehole seismic station Authors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Romanelli, Marco; OGS; Barnaba, Carla; OGS; Bragato, Pier Luigi; OGS; Durì, Giorgio; OGS Editors: Pesaresi, Damiano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Busby, Robert; IRIS Abstract: The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude M=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: it currently consists of 17 very sensitive broad band and 18 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data center in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about 100 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of Northeastern Italy. The southwestern edge of the OGS seismic network stands on the Po alluvial basin: earthquake localization and characterization in this area is affected by the presence of soft alluvial deposits. OGS ha already experience in running a local seismic network in high noise conditions making use of borehole installations in the case of the micro-seismicity monitoring of a local gas storage site for a private company. Following the ML=5.9 earthquake that struck the Emilia region around Ferrara in Northern Italy on May 20, 2012 at 02:03:53 UTC, a cooperation of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, OGS, the Comune di Ferrara and the University of Ferrara lead to the reinstallation of a previously existing very broad band (VBB) borehole seismic station in Ferrara. The aim of the OGS intervention was on one hand to extend its real time seismic monitoring capabilities toward South-West, including Ferrara and its surroundings, and on the other hand to evaluate the seismic response at the site. We will describe improvements in running the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network, including details of the Ferrara VBB borehole station configuration and installation, with first results. Wed, 10 Apr 2013 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8672 2013-04-10T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8651 Title: Are seismogram recorded in schoola educational tools only ? Authors: Solarino, S; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia Editors: Slejko, D; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; Rebez, A; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; Argnani, A; CNR, ISMAR Istituto di Scienze Marine; Del Pezzo, E; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Galli, P; Dipartimento Protezione Civile; Petrini, R; Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Italy; Serpelloni, E; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Solarino, S; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia Abstract: In the frame of the NERA project and under the WP 8, an inventory of schools hosting seismic stations for educational purposes has been compiled with the aim, among others, to establish a network for data exchange. Such an inventory reveals that there are more than 600 instruments, most of which in full activity, in schools of the Mediterranean area. The number of stations is somewhat proportional to the date when educational projects began (Zollo et al., in press), so countries like France, United Kingdom or Ireland, all places where a long tradition in “seismology in schools” is established , own most of the existing stations. The make and technical characteristics of these devices widely vary: some schools have assembled their own mechanical seismometer with very simple materials while some others have designed an acquisition system and coupled it to a sensor available on the market. In some cases, stations are bought from semi-professional or professional manufacturers that have devoted a special care to the educational field. These factories have designed cheap instruments the technology of which is based on the more expensive instruments that are instead available at professional level. These recording items are often equipped with an internet connection, have a broad-band like seismometer, offer a real time view of the recording (helicorder) and provide data in SAC format. In a sentence, they are very much similar to the devices currently used in professional (national or regional) networks to monitor seismicity. Moreover, in principle stations installed in a country are very much alike or perfectly identical, representing as a matter of fact a semi-professional seismic network.. It is then straightforward to wonder what is the role of the data recorded and stored by these instruments and especially what is the potential of these information. Are these instruments providing any additional information to the professional seismic networks ? Could they complement a professional database ? In this paper a rough analysis of the data collected by a school network is analysed and compared with “official” data. It is shown that in some cases seismograms recorded from stations in schools can perform very well and their data could, under certain circumstances and with some limitations, be used instead of / in addition to professional data. Sat, 31 Dec 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8651 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8645 Title: Tremor-based real time monitoring and early warning on Etna Volcano (Italy): technical aspects and methods Authors: D'Agostino, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Di Grazia, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Ferrari, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Langer, H.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Messina, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Reitano, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Spampinato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia Editors: Corsaro, Rosa Anna; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia Abstract: Twenty-five lava fountains occurred on Mt. Etna from January 2011 to April 2012. In summer 2012 volcanic activity resumed in a milder form within the Bocca Nuova crater, before it came to an essential halt in August 2012. All these unrests offer rich material for testing automatic procedures of data processing and alert systems, running 24/7, in the context of volcano surveillance. We focus on the seismic background radiation – volcanic tremor – which plays a key role in the monitoring of Mt. Etna. Since 2006 a multistation alert system has been established in the INGV operative centre of Catania exploiting STA/LTA ratios. Besides, also the spectral characteristics of the signal, which change correspondingly to the type of volcanic activity, can be exploited for warning purposes. Here we apply Self Organizing Maps and Fuzzy Clustering which offer an efficient way to visualize signal characteristics and its development with time. All these techniques allow to identify early stages of eruptive events, and automatically flag a critical status before this becomes evident in conventional monitoring techniques. Changes of tremor characteristics are related to the position of the source of the signal. The location of the sources exploits the distribution of the amplitudes across the seismic network. The locations were extremely useful for warning, throughout both the flank eruption in 2008 as well as the 2011 lava fountains, during which a clear migration of tremor sources towards the eruptive centres could be noticed in advance. The location of the sources completes the picture of an imminent volcanic unrest, and corroborates early warnings flagged by the changes of signal characteristics. Real time data processing requires computational efficiency, robustness of the methods and stability of data acquisition. The amplitude based multi-station approach is not sensitive to the failure of single stations and therefore offers a good stability. The single station approach, exploiting unsupervised classification techniques, limits logistic efforts, as only one or few key stations are necessary. Both strategies have proven to be insensitive to disturbances (undesired transients like earthquakes, noise, short gaps in the continuous data flow). False alarms were not encountered so far. Stable data acquisition and processing come with a properly designed data storage solution. The reliability of data storage and its access is a critical issue. A cluster architecture has been realized for failover protection, including a Storage Area Network system, which allow easy data access following predefined user policies. We present concepts of the software architectures deployed at INGV Osservatorio Etneo in order to implement this tremor-based multi approach system. We envisage the integration of seismic data and those originating from other scientific fields (e. g., volcano imagery, geochemistry, deformation, gravity, magneto-telluric). This will facilitate cross-checking of evidences encountered from the single data streams, in particular allow their immediate verification with respect to ground truth. Tue, 11 Dec 2012 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8645 2012-12-11T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8636 Title: A comparison among general orthogonal regression methods applied to earthquake magnitude conversions Authors: Lolli, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Gasperini, P.; Università di Bologna Abstract: Until a decade ago, regression analyses for conversions between different types of magnitude were using only the ordinary least squares method,which assumes that the independent variable is error free, or the simple orthogonal regression method,which assumes equal uncertainties for the two variables. The recent literature became aware of the inadequacy of such approaches and proposes the use of general orthogonal regression methods that account for different uncertainties of the two regression variables. Under the common assumption that only the variance ratio η between the dependent and independent variables is known, we compared three of such general orthogonal regression methods that have been applied to magnitude conversions: the chi-square regression, the general orthogonal regression, and the weighted total least squares. Although their formulations might appear quite different, we show that, under appropriate conditions, they all compute almost exactly the same regression coefficients and very similar (albeit slightly different) formal uncertainties. The latter are in most cases smaller than those estimated by bootstrap simulation but the amount of the deviation depends on the data set and on the assumed variance ratio. Tue, 31 Jul 2012 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8636 2012-07-31T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8619 Title: Quasi-synchronous multi-parameter anomalies associated with the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquake sequence Authors: Qin, K.; College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China; Wu, L. X.; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs/Ministry of Education of P.R. China (Beijing Normal University), Beijing, China; De Santis, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Meng, J.; College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China; Ma, W. Y.; College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China; Cianchini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Abstract: Positive thermal anomalies about one month before the 3 September 2010 Mw Combining double low line 7.1 New Zealand earthquake and " coincidental" quasi-synchronous fluctuations of GPS displacement were reported. Whether there were similar phenomena associated with the aftershocks? To answer it, the following was investigated: multiple parameters including surface and near-surface air temperature, surface latent heat flux, GPS displacement and soil moisture, using a long-term statistical analysis method. We found that local thermal and deformation anomalies appeared quasi-synchronously in three particular tectonic zones, not only about one month before the mainshock, but also tens of days before the 21 February 2011 Mw Combining double low line 6.3 aftershock, and that the time series of soil moisture on the epicenter pixel had obvious peaks on most of the anomalous days. Based on local tectonic geology, hydrology and meteorology, the particular lithosphere-coversphere-atmosphere coupling mode is interpreted and four mechanisms (magmatic-hydrothermal fluids upwelling, soil moisture increasing, underground pore gases leaking, and positive holes activating and recombining) are discussed. Sun, 15 Apr 2012 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8619 2012-04-15T22:00:00Z