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    <title>DSpace Collezione: 04.04.09. Structural geology</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/225</link>
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      <title>Il motore di ricerca di Collezione</title>
      <description>Ricerca nel canale</description>
      <name>cerca</name>
      <link>http://www.earth-prints.org/simple-search</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Insights into fluid circulation across the Pernicana Fault (Mt. Etna, Italy) and implications for flank instability</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6035</link>
      <description>Titolo: Insights into fluid circulation across the Pernicana Fault (Mt. Etna, Italy) and implications for flank instability&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Siniscalchi, A.; Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona, 4-70125, Bari-Italy; Tripaldi, S.; Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona, 4-70125, Bari-Italy; Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Piscitelli, S.; Istituto di Metodologie per l' Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito (PZ), Italy; Balasco, M.; Istituto di Metodologie per l' Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito (PZ), Italy; Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Magri, C.; Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona, 4-70125, Bari-Italy; Naudet, V.; Université Bordeaux 1, Geosciences Hydrosciences Material and Constructions, GHYMAC-EA 4134, Talence, F-33405, France; Rizzo, E.; Istituto di Metodologie per l' Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito (PZ), Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: We conducted geophysical–geochemical measurements on a ∼2 kmN–S profile cutting across the PernicanaFault, one of the most active tectonic features on the NE flank of Mt. Etna. The profile passes from theunstable E flank of the volcano (to the south) to the stable N flank and significant fluctuations in electricalresistivity, self-potential, and soil gas emissions (CO2, Rn and Th) are found. The detailed multidisciplinaryanalysis reveals a complex interplay between the structural setting, uprising hydrothermal fluids, meteoricfluids percolating downwards, ground permeability, and surface topography. In particular, the recoveredfluid circulation model highlights that the southern sector is heavily fractured and faulted, allowing theformation of convective hydrothermal cells. Although the existence of a hydrothermal system in a volcanicarea does not surprise, these results have great implications in terms of flank dynamics at Mt. Etna. Indeed,the hydrothermal activity, interacting with the Pernicana Fault activity, could enhance the flank instability.Our approach should be further extended along the full extent of the boundary between the stable andunstable sectors of Etna for a better evaluation of the geohazard in this active tectonic area.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Influence of inherited geometry and fault history on the seismogenic activity and potential of strike-slip fault systems in NW Slovenia: the case study of the Ravne Fault</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5871</link>
      <description>Titolo: Influence of inherited geometry and fault history on the seismogenic activity and potential of strike-slip fault systems in NW Slovenia: the case study of the Ravne Fault&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Kastelic, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Burrato, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Vrabec, M.; Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Curatori: Poli, M.E.; Zanferrari, A.; Marchesini, A.; Pandolfi, L.; Marroni, M.; Tavarnelli, E.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: La zona di faglia Ravne è situata in un area di interazione fra due sistemi regionali di faglie con differente cinematica, entrambi collegati alla convergenza fra Adria e Eurasia: le faglie dinariche orientate NW-SE e le faglie del Sud-alpino orientate E-W. L’analisi di dati di geologia strutturale e di due sequenze sismiche recenti che hanno colpito l’area, ci permette di proporre un modello sismotettonico per la faglia di Ravne, che è stata interessata da diverse fasi tettoniche. La geometria originale e la storia evolutiva della zona di faglia svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella distribuzione recente dell’attività sismica e del potenziale sismogenetico dell’intera struttura. Infatti, la configurazione attuale della faglia Ravne, caratterizzata da fagliazione trascorrente su piani ad alto angolo a profondità crostali, è il risultato dell’iniziale geometria di un thrust orientato NW-SE e avente immersione verso NE, e della sua interazione con i piani di thrust diretti essenzialmente E-W. Partendo dai dati raccolti e tenendo in considerazione sia il quadro geodinamico che le relazioni empiriche, proponiamo tre possibili scenari con relativi potenziali sismogenetici per la possibile futura attività della faglia di Ravne.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Geometric and Kinematic modeling of the thrust fronts in the Montello-Cansiglio area from geologic and geodetic data (Eastern Southalpine Chain, NE Italy)</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5870</link>
      <description>Titolo: Geometric and Kinematic modeling of the thrust fronts in the Montello-Cansiglio area from geologic and geodetic data (Eastern Southalpine Chain, NE Italy)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Burrato, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; De Martini, P.M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Poli, M.E.; Dipartimento di Georisorse e Territorio, Università di Udine; Zanferrari, A.; Dipartimento di Georisorse e Territorio, Università di Udine&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Curatori: Poli, M.E.; Dipartimento di Georisorse e Territorio, Università di Udine; Zanferrari, A.; Dipartimento di Georisorse e Territorio, Università di Udine; Marchesini, A.; Pandolfi, L.; Marroni, M.; Tavarnelli, E.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Questo lavoro è dedicato allo studio delle geometrie e dei ratei di deformazione di breve e medio termine delle strutture compressive attive facenti parte dei fronti esterni della Catena Sudalpina, nel settore dell’anticlinale del Montello. Il metodo adottato utilizza informazioni derivate dall’analisi di una linea geodetica di primo ordine dell’IGM, combinate con osservazioni geofisiche, geologiche e geomorfologiche di superficie e di sottosuolo. La linea geodetica presa in esame mostra lungo alcuni suoi segmenti dei movimenti verticali relativi, positivi rispetto ai segmenti adiacenti (maggiori sollevamenti). Questi segnali geodetici, ottenuti dal confronto delle quote dei capisaldi misurate durante due distinte campagne separate da un intervallo di tempo di circa 50 anni, avvengono in corripondenza dell’attraversamento di faglie cieche e sono stati quindi interpretati come dovuti all’attività di queste strutture sepolte. Per l’interpretazione, è stata costruita una sezione geologica che segue la traccia della linea di livellazione, ed è stato quindi modelizzato il segnale geodetico adottando un metodo diretto. Nel modello, le geometrie di partenza delle faglie sono state prese dalla sezione geologica, e sono state poi modificate per riprodurre il segnale geodetico. Una volta fissate le geometrie delle faglie, gli uplift rate sono stati convertiti in slip e shortening rate e comparati con: 1- i ratei di medio e lungo termine derivati dalle osservazioni geologiche e geomorfologiche per evidenziare eventuali cambiamenti nel tempo; e 2- con i tassi di convergenza GPS per studiare la partizione delle deformazione tra i diversi fronti. Infine sono state usate relazioni analitiche ed empiriche per stimare la massima magnitudo e i tempi di ricorrenza dei potenziali futuri terremoti.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>Quantitative analysis of extensional joints in the southern Adriatic foreland (Italy), and the active tectonics of the Apulia region</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5851</link>
      <description>Titolo: Quantitative analysis of extensional joints in the southern Adriatic foreland (Italy), and the active tectonics of the Apulia region&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Di Bucci, D.; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. Via Vitorchiano, 4 – 00189 Roma, Italy; Caputo, R.; Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra. Via Saragat, 1 – 44100 Ferrara, Italy; Mastronuzzi, G.; Università degli Studi di Bari, Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica. Via Orabona, 4 – 70125 Bari, Italy; Fracassi, U.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Selleri, G.; Università degli Studi di Lecce, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali. Via per Arnesano – 73100 Lecce, Italy; Sansò, P.; Università degli Studi di Lecce, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali. Via per Arnesano – 73100 Lecce, Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: The Adriatic foreland of the Apennines comes ashore only in Apulia (easternmost Italy). Its southern part, our study area, lacks any structural analysis devoted to define its recent-to-active tectonics. Throughout the Quaternary, this region was affected by mild brittle deformation with rare faults, characterized by small displacement, and widespread extension joints, frequently organized in sets. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative and systematic analysis of the joint sets affecting Quaternary deposits, by applying an inversion technique ad hoc to infer the orientation and ratio of the principal stress axes, R = (σ2 - σ3)/(σ1 - σ3). Within a general extensional regime, we recognized three deformational events of regional significance. The oldest event, constrained to the early and middle part of the Middle Pleistocene, is characterized by variable direction of extension and R between 0.64-0.99. The penultimate event, dated late Middle Pleistocene, is characterized by an almost uniaxial tension, with a horizontal σ3 striking ~N43°E; R is high, between 0.85-0.99. The most recent event is characterized by the lowermost R values, that never exceed 0.47 and are frequently &lt;0.30, indicating a sort of horizontal „radial‟ extension. This event is not older than the Late Pleistocene and possibly reflects the active stress field still dominating the entire study area.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Calibration and validation of reservoir models: the importance of high resolution, quantitative outcrop analogues</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5831</link>
      <description>Titolo: Calibration and validation of reservoir models: the importance of high resolution, quantitative outcrop analogues&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Jones, R. R.; Geospatial Research Limited, University of Durham; McCaffrey, K. J. W.; University of Durham; Imber, J; University of Durham; Wightman, R.; University of Durham; Smith, S. A. F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Holdsworth, R. E.; University of Durham; Clegg, P.; GeoPressure Technology Ltd.; De Paola, N.; University of Durham; Healy, D.; University of Durham&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Rapidly developing methods of digital acquisition, visualization and analysis allowhighly detailed outcrop models to be constructed, and used as analogues to provide quantitativeinformation about sedimentological and structural architectures from reservoir to subseismicscales of observation. Terrestrial laser-scanning (lidar) and high precision Real-Time KinematicGPS are key survey technologies for data acquisition. 3D visualization facilities are used whenanalysing the outcrop data. Analysis of laser-scan data involves picking of the point-cloud toderive interpolated stratigraphic and structural surfaces. The resultant data can be used as inputfor object-based models, or can be cellularized and upscaled for use in grid-based reservoirmodelling. Outcrop data can also be used to calibrate numerical models of geological processessuch as the development and growth of folds, and the initiation and propagation of fractures.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Pseudotachylytes and Earthquake Source Mechanics</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5811</link>
      <description>Titolo: Pseudotachylytes and Earthquake Source Mechanics&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Di Toro, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Curatori: Fukuyama, E; Japan&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Destructive earthquakes nucleate at depth (10 to 15 km), therefore monitoring activefaults at the Earth’s surface, or interpreting seismic waves, yields only limited informationon earthquake mechanics. Tectonic pseudotachylytes (solidified friction-inducedmelts) decorate some exhumed ancient faults and remain, up to now, the only faultrocks recognized as the unambiguous signature of seismic slip. It follows that pseudotachylyte-bearing fault networks might retain a wealth of information on seismic faultingand earthquake mechanics. In this chapter, we will show that in the case of largeexposures of pseudotachylyte-bearing faults, as the glacier-polished outcrops in theAdamello massif (Southern Alps, Italy), we might constrain several earthquake sourceparameters by linking field studies with microstructural observations, high-velocityrock friction experiments, modeling of the shear heating and melt flow, and dynamicrupture models. In particular, it is possible to estimate the rupture directivity and thefault dynamic shear resistance. We conclude that the structural analysis of exhumedpseudotachylyte-bearing faults is a powerful tool for the reconstruction of the earthquakesource mechanics, complementary to seismological investigations.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>A Microscopic Information System (MIS) for petrographic analysis</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5791</link>
      <description>Titolo: A Microscopic Information System (MIS) for petrographic analysis&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: The database and visualization facilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) software are employed to support the analysis of rock texture from thin section by image processing. A Microscopic Information System (MIS) is hence obtained. The method is applied to transmitted light images of 137 samples obtained from 8 granitoid rocks. A slide scanner and a mount for crossed polarization are used to acquire the input images. For each thin section 5 collimated RGB images are scanned: 4 under different directions of crossed polarization and 1 without polarization. A grain segmentation procedure, based on two region growing functions is applied. The output is converted to vector format and refined using editing tools in the MIS environment, which enables a straightforward match between the input imagery and the final vectorized texture. GIS software provides optimal management of the MIS database, allowing the cumulative measurement of more than 87 000 grains.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Messinian-Early Pliocene crustal shortening along the Tyrrhenian margin of Tuscany, Italy</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5772</link>
      <description>Titolo: Messinian-Early Pliocene crustal shortening along the Tyrrhenian margin of Tuscany, Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Sani, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Bonini, M.; CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, U.O. Firenze, Florence, Italy; Cerrina Feroni, A.; CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Pisa, Italy; Mazzarini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Moratti, G.; CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, U.O. Firenze, Florence, Italy; Musumeci, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Corti, G.; CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, U.O. Firenze, Florence, Italy; Iatta, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Ellero, A.; CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Pisa, Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper illustrates the results of structural studies carried out in the western margin of Tuscany along a major crustal structure. Surface deformation of sediments filling different basins aligned on top of this major structure (from north to south: the Fine Basin, the Sassa–Guardistallo basin, the Rio Guardigiano area in the Lustignano basin) allow us to date its tectonic activity to the Messinian-Early Pliocene. In these areas, structures such as reverse and strike-slip faults and mesoscopic folds are widely developed. Structural analysis determined a compressive stress field with the σ1 oriented from E-W to NE-SW active from Messinian to Early Pliocene. At the southern end of this crustal structure, the Gavorrano antiform and the granitic pluton (radiometric age of granite ~4.4 Ma) coring this fold correlate with a thrust ramp anticline at depth, and thus constrain thrust activity to the Early Pliocene. These data document a Messinian–Early Pliocene compressive activity that contrasts with models invoking continuous extensional tectonics affecting the hinterland since the Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene in the frame of a back-arc-slab retreating process. The results presented therefore raise the question of which geodynamical model could account for such a complex structural evolution of Northern Apennines hinterland.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>A structural and geophysical approach to the study of fractured aquifers in the Scansano-Magliano in Toscana Ridge, southern Tuscany, Italy</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5749</link>
      <description>Titolo: A structural and geophysical approach to the study of fractured aquifers in the Scansano-Magliano in Toscana Ridge, southern Tuscany, Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Francese, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy; Mazzarini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Bistacchi, A.; Dipartimento di Geologia e Geotecnologia, Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy; Morelli, G.; Geostudi Astier S.r.l., Livorno, Italy; Pasquarè, G.; Dipartimento di Geologia, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy; Praticelli, N.; Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy; Robain, H.; Institute de Recherche pour le Développement, Bondy Cedex, France; Wardell, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy; Zaja, A.; Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Fresh water availability has recently become a serious concern in the Italian Apennines, as various activities rely on a predictable supply. Along the ridge between Scansano and Magliano in Toscana, in southern Tuscany, the situation is further complicated by contamination of the nearby alluvial aquifers. Aquifers locally consist of thin fractured reservoirs, generally within low-permeability formations, and it can be difficult to plan the exploitation of resources based on conventional techniques. An integrated study based on geological data investigated the link between tectonics and groundwater circulation, to better define the hydrological model. After the regional identification of fault and fracture patterns, a major structure was investigated in detail to accurately map its spatial position and to understand the geometry and properties of the associated aquifer and assess its exploitation potential. The subsurface around the fault zone was clearly imaged using ground probing radar, two-dimensional and three-dimensional resistivity tomography, and three-dimensional shallow seismic surveys. The vertical and horizontal contacts between the different geological units of the Ligurian and Tuscan series were resolved with a high degree of spatial accuracy. Three-dimensional high-resolution geophysical imaging proved to be a very effective means of characterising small-scale fractured reservoirs.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Relations between deformation and upper crustal magma emplacement in laboratory physical models</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5722</link>
      <description>Titolo: Relations between deformation and upper crustal magma emplacement in laboratory physical models&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Autori: Mazzarini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Musumeci, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Montanari, D.; Centro di Eccellenza per la Geotermia di Larderello, Larderello (PI), Italy; Corti, G.; Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, CNR, Firenze, Italy&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This paper presents analogue models for the emplacement of granitic magmas in upper crustal levels with different mechanical layering during shortening, extension and strike–slip deformation. In particular, we investigated how a weak layer embedded in the upper brittle crust can control the level of magma emplacement. The adopted experimental setup was used to examine the control of soft rocks on the movement of magma through a deforming brittle crust. Model results indicate that the occurrence of a weak (soft) layer embedded in brittle (stiff) material has an impact on the level of magma emplacement. The level of emplacement during both extension and shortening was systematically deeper for models with a soft layer than for purely brittle models. During strike–slip deformation the magma pierced the surface in both purely brittle and brittle–ductile models.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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