http://hdl.handle.net/2122/291 Ricerca nel canale cerca http://www.earth-prints.org/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5886 Titolo: Raccomandazioni per la redazione di progetti e l’esecuzione di interventi per la conservazione del costruito archeologico – Recommendations for drawing up projects and carrying out interventions for the conservation of the archaeological built heritage<br/><br/>Autori: D'Agostino, S.; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ingegneria per i Beni Culturali- Università di Napoli Federico II; Giuliani, C. F.; Università La Sapienza di Roma; Conforto, M. L.; Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma; Guidoboni, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: These recommendations concern all the ancient buildings or other constructions which contribute to giving form and structure to archaeological sites. They constitute an archive of documents of material history and thus a source of historical knowledge. The use of intuitive laws of stability, techniques based on long experience and reproduceable construction modules also makes these structures an archive of the history of building, and hence an essential source of knowledge when it comes to planning conservation interventions. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5737 Titolo: Morphometry of scoria cones located on a volcano flank: A case study from Mt. Etna (Italy), based on high-resolution LiDAR data<br/><br/>Autori: Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Karátson, D.; Department of Physical Geography, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary; Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Mazzarini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Pareschi, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Boschi, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: By using new high-resolution (2 m) digital elevation model derived from the 2005 LiDAR survey of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), our study measured the classical morphometrical parameters for scoria cones, i.e. Wco (cone width), Wcr (crater diameter), H (cone height) as well as volume, inclination of cone slope and substrate, and a number of other parameters for 135 scoria cones of Mt. Etna. Volume and age distribution of cones shows that there is no direct structural control on their emplacement in terms of Etna's rift zones. The cones are progressively smaller in size toward summit, which can be explained by the large volcano's feeding system and progressively frequent lava burial toward top.A careful analysis of H/Wco ratio (determined as 0.18 for other volcanic fields worldwide) shows that this ratio strongly depends on (1) the calculation method of H and (2) lava burial of cone. For Etnean cones, applying an improved method for calculating H relative to the dipping substrate results in a significantly lowered standard H/Wco ratio (0.137), which in turn questions the validity of the classical value of 0.18 in the case of large central volcanoes. The reduction of the ratio is not only due to methodology but also to the common lava burial. This can be expressed even better if Hmean is used instead of Hmax (Hmean/Wco = 0.098). Using this measure, at Etna, well formed cones have higher ratios than structurally deformed (e. g. double or rifted) cones.Furthermore, although the sampled scoria cones at Etna have formed in a relatively narrow time interval (< 6500 yrs BP), there is a slight decrease in H/Wco corresponding to erosional changes detected globally (H/Wco = 0.143, 0.135 and 0.115 for three age classes of Etna's scoria cones, corresponding to average slopes of 26.6, 23.9 and 23.7°). Because the morphometrical effect of position on a dipping substrate as well as lava burial exceeds the effect of erosion, we call attention to use caution in simply using the H/Wco ratio of scoria cones for detecting age, especially on large active volcanoes. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5733 Titolo: LIDAR strip adjustment: Application to volcanic areas<br/><br/>Autori: Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Fornaciai, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Pareschi, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: DEMs derived from LIDAR data are nowadays largely used for quantitative analyses and modelling in geology and geomorphology. High-quality DEMs are required for the accurate morphometric and volumetric measurement of land features. We propose a rigorous automatic algorithm for correcting systematic errors in LIDAR data in order to assess sub-metric variations in surface morphology over wide areas, such as those associated with landslide, slump, and volcanic deposits. Our procedure does not require a priori knowledge of the surface, such as the presence of known ground control points. Systematic errors are detected on the basis of distortions in the areas of overlap among different strips. Discrepancies between overlapping strips are assessed at a number of chosen computational tie points. At each tie point a local surface is constructed for each strip containing the point. Displacements between different strips are then calculated at each tie point, and minimization of these discrepancies allows the identification of major systematic errors. These errors are identified as a function of the variables that describe the data acquisition system. Significant errors mainly caused by a non-constant misestimation of the roll angle are highlighted and corrected. Comparison of DEMs constructed using first uncorrected and then corrected LIDAR data from different Mt. Etna surveys shows a meaningful improvement in quality: most of the systematic errors are removed and the accuracy of morphometric and volumetric measurements of volcanic features increases. These corrections are particularly important for the following studies of Mt. Etna: calculation of lava flow volume; calculation of erosion and deposition volume of pyroclastic cones; mapping of areas newly covered by volcanic ash; and morphological evolution of a portion of an active lava field over a short time span. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5215 Titolo: Modelling of the hydro-acoustic signal and tsunami wave generated by sea floor motion including a porous seabed<br/><br/>Autori: Chierici, F.; Istituto di Radioastronomia, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, sezione Bologna, via Gobetti, 101 - 40129 Bologna, Italy; Pignagnoli, L.; Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca, sezione Bologna, via Gobetti, 101 - 40129 Bologna, Italy; Embriaco, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: Within the framework of a 2-D compressible tsunami generation model with a flat porous seabed, acoustic waves are generated and travel outwards from the source area.The effects of the porous seabed during tsunami generation and propagation processesinclude wave amplitude attenuation and low pass filtering of both the hydro-acousticsignal and tsunami wave. The period of the acoustic wave generated by the seafloormotion depends on water depth over the source area and is given by four times the period of time required for sound to travel from the sea bed to the surface: these waves carry information about seafloor motion.The semi-analytical solution of the 2-D compressible water layer model overlying aporous seabed is presented and discussed.Furthermore, to include the effects generated by the coupling betweencompressible porous sedimentary and water layers, a simplified two layer model with thesediment modelled as a compressible viscous fluid is presented. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4680 Titolo: The recent eruptive activity of Mount Etna (Italy) monitored by a network of visible and thermal video cameras<br/><br/>Autori: Biale, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Mangiagli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Reitano, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: The recent eruptive activity of Mount Etna (Italy)monitored by a network of visible and thermal videocamerasE. Biale, S. Mangiagli, M. Neri, E. Pecora, D. Reitano and B. BehnckeIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, P. Roma, 2 - 95125,Catania Italy (pecora@ct.ingv.it, neri@ct.ingv.it)The recent eruptive activity of Mount Etna in Sicily (Italy) has been well documentedby multidisciplinary instrumental observations, and significantly improved the understandingof the eruptive dynamics of this volcano. The monitoring networks are currentlydeveloped and managed by the Catania Section of the Istituto Nazionale diGeofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Video footage from the network of the monitoringvideo cameras is analyzed to discriminate between different eruptive typologies andto derive physical and dynamic properties of the eruptions. The cameras are locatedin four different places around the volcano (Schiena dell’Asino, Milo, Nicolosi andCatania), at respective distances of 5, 11, 15 and 27 km from the summit craters. Fourvideo cameras record in the visible band and one in the Long-wave infrared (LWIR)over 24 hours/day. The images acquired by the Schiena dell’Asino camera are sent toa receiver in Catania, through a 10 GHz microwawe transmitter, whereas the signalsfrom the other cameras are sent to Catania via 2 GHz video transmitters and/or cable.All images are digitized on computer, and archived on video tape and in AVI formatwith each clip representing 15 minutes compressed using 1 frame per two seconds,which are posted on the intranet server of the institute. A GPS Time-Code ads dateand time to each frame before being digitized to 640 x 480 pixels. Meaningful framesare selected for analysis from footage of significant eruptive events, through dedicatedsoftware. The cumulative error regarding the measured parameters is estimated at upto 20%. In 2006, a new FLIR Thermavision A40M infrared camera was installed atNicolosi. The camera detector is a 320 by 240 pixel uncooled microbolometer with aspectral range from 7.5 to 13 micrometer. Vertical and horizontal viewing is 18° and24 , respectively, with a spatial resolution of 1.3 mrad. Thermal sensitivity is 0.08°C at 30°C. Thermal images are converted on board the camera into a single value forthe peak temperature found in a region of interest centred on the active craters. Thisvalue is transmitted with a frequency of 1 Hz to the acquisition centre in Nicolosi. Ifa peak temperature value is less than 2°C than the preceding value then the relativechange is added to the cumulative temperature value. Consequently, when the curveis near vertical the images registered by the thermal camera suggest increases in explosive/effusive activity. On the contrary, if the curve is near horizontal the radianceof the eruptive theatre is constant or in diminution. Thermal images and thermal dataare processed by dedicated software developed by LabVIEW 8.0 in detecting ash-richeruptive columns, explosive and effusive activity. All these data are available at theINGV Control Centre and are used to alert on-duty staff in the early-warning procedures.This network of cameras furnished fundamental data to the Italian Civil Defenceduring the 2006 eruption, when ash-rich columns several km in height severelythreatened the functioning of the nearby International Airport of Catania. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4679 Titolo: The 2006 eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy): new multidisciplinary approach implemented by the UFSO staff of INGV Catania Section<br/><br/>Autori: Mangiagli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Reitano, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Amantia, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Biale, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; D'Agostino, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; La Via, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Torrisi, O.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: The 2006 eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy): newmultidisciplinary approach implemented by the UFSOstaff of INGV Catania SectionS. Mangiagli, M. Neri, E. Pecora, D. Reitano, A. Amantia, E. Biale, M. D’Agostino,M. La Via and O. TorrisiIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, P. Roma, 2 - 95125,Catania Italy (mangiagli@ct.ingv.it, reitano@ct.ingv.it)During the latest (2006) eruptive activity of Mount Etna (Sicily - Italy) multidisciplinaryinstrumental networks and observations produced useful and significant datain order to understand the eruptive dynamics of this volcano. In this context, thestaff of the INGV Catania Section Department called Unità Funzionale Sala Operativa(UFSO) actively participates in national and European research projects dealingwith the development and use of new systems with high technological content useful,in particular, during eruptions or seismic crises. Another aspect of this work isrepresented by the development of software for the supervisory and automatic controlof the working systems. For example during the last few weeks of 2006, ash-richcolumns several km in height, and consequent fallout characterized the eruption ofMt Etna and severely hampered the functioning of the nearby International Airport ofCatania. Therefore, for a better evaluation of real time systems a new dedicated website has been realized, improving the availability of fundamental data for the ItalianDepartment of Civil Defence (DPC). The DPC staff, using also INGV scientific data,releases daily bulletins to Italian government authorities. Multidisciplinary data arecollected and well represented in risk maps. Moreover, various algorithms have beenimplemented and used to make simulations of eruptive clouds from Mt. Etna. All realizedmaps also use wind forecasts at different altitude and different scenarios areavailable in a new software able to plot different parameters like, for example, temperatureand wind speed/direction in different isobaric levels, precipitation rate andtotal cloud cover. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4672 Titolo: Correlation between seismic and volcanic activity: A tale of three eruptive episodes at Mount Etna (Italy) in November 2006<br/><br/>Autori: Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Falsaperla, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia<br/><br/>Abstract: Geophysical Research Abstracts,Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-03790, 2008EGU General Assembly 2008© Author(s) 2008Correlation between seismic and volcanic activity: Atale of three eruptive episodes at Mount Etna (Italy) inNovember 2006B. Behncke, S. Falsaperla, E. PecoraIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania; Piazza Roma, 2; 95123Catania, ItalyThree eruptive episodes of the Southeast Crater at the summit of Mount Etna inNovember 2006 were exceptionally well documented by visual, seismic and thermalmonitoring. In terms of volcanic activity, the three paroxysms showed markeddifferences among each other. The first one (16 November) was a strongly explosiveevent, with vigorous Strombolian activity and ash emission from multiple vents, lavaemission, and phreatomagmatic explosions generating pyroclastic density currents. Incontrast, the second episode (19 November) was a rather weakly explosive event, withmild Strombolian activity but more voluminous lava emission. Finally, the third paroxysm(24 November) was a moderately explosive event, with intermittent lava fountainingand generation of a tephra column as well as lava emission and pyroclastic flows.Data recorded by a thermal monitoring camera clearly document the different phasesof each paroxysm, although weather clouds occasionally hampered thermal monitoring.The images show a rapid onset of the volcanic activity, which reached a peakin eruptive (and thermal) intensity, and then decreased gradually. The analysis of seismicactivity highlights a wide range of different types of signals, reflecting remarkablecomplexities in the dynamics of the eruptive events. The different explosive intensitiesare well reflected in the volcanic tremor amplitude, although the three episodes showcommon features, such as a maximum in tremor amplitude during their first hour, anda number of strong explosive events during the waning phases of each paroxysm. Aneat correlation between typologies of seismic signals and eruptive styles and intensitiescan be established from the data. However, the strong phreatomagmatic explosionsand pyroclastic density currents on 16 and 24 November did not yield any distinguish http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4664 Titolo: PROGETTAZIONE E RISTRUTTURAZIONE DELLE STAZIONI VIDEO DELLE EOLIE<br/><br/>Autori: Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Biale, E. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4663 Titolo: EVOLUZIONE E SVILUPPO DELLA RETE PERMANENTE DI TELECAMERE FISSE PER IL MONITORAGGIO VIDEO DELL’ETNA<br/><br/>Autori: Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Biale, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Reitano, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4661 Titolo: Misura di alcuni parametri fisici dell’attività esplosiva dell’Etna durante l’eruzione 2002-2003 mediante l’utilizzo di una telecamera infrarosso<br/><br/>Autori: Pecora, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia