http://hdl.handle.net/2122/278 2013-05-21T07:13:43Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8621 Title: Qui INGV Authors: Pacor, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Massa, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Luzi, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Augliera, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Puglia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Lovati, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Franceschina, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Ameri, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia Abstract: L’INGV, a partire dal 2006, ha iniziato una fase di potenziamento del monitoraggio accelerometrico, installando nelle aree centrali della pianura padana 22 sensori strong-motion (Rete Accelerometrica Italia Settentrionale, RAIS, http://rais.mi.ingv.it/). Dal 2008, sensori accelerometrici sono stati via via installati in 105 siti a Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN), gestita dal Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT). Nel complesso le 127 stazioni accelerometriche presenti sul territorio nazionale costituiscono a tutti gli effetti la rete accelerometrica nazionale INGV. I dati acquisiti da tutte le stazioni accelerometriche sono attualmente distribuiti in tempo reale tramite il portale EIDA (European Integrated Data Archive; http://eida.rm.ingv.it/) e sono principalmente utilizzati per il calcolo delle Shakemaps a scala nazionale. Attualmente, l’INGV sta realizzando un portale web per la distribuzione dei dati accelerometrici registrati dalle stazioni INGV, composto da 2 moduli distinti: il primo, denominato ISMD, ha lo scopo di archiviaziare e distribuire in tempo quasi reale (poche ore dopo l’evento) le forme d’onda accelerometriche in formato non corretto ed i relativi metadati ottenuti a seguito di una procedura di processamento automatico; il secondo, denominato DYNA, è una banca dati relazionale, contenente le forme d’onda di accelerazione, velocità e spostamento e gli spettri di risposta di accelerazione, ottenuti attraverso il processamento manuale dei segnali non corretti, oltre ai relativi metadati associati agli eventi sismici ed alle stazioni di registrazione Il prototipo del portale dei dati accelerometrici INGV (Figura 1) è stato pubblicato lo scorso maggio, a seguito della sequenza sismica Emiliana. 2012-04-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8584 Title: EDURISK e sapere tecnico | 2002 -2011 Authors: Pessina, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia Abstract: Summary of the seismic risk education activities carried out within the projects edurisk 2002 to 2011, addressed to students of vocational schools, their families and to an adult audience. The information, mostly of a technical nature, introduces concepts of vulnerability and esposition as factors on which act to reduce the level of risk 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8526 Title: The stress field in Europe: optimal orientations with confidence limits Authors: Carafa, M. M. C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Barba, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Abstract: In this study, we modify and extend a data analysis technique to determine the stress orientations between data clusters by adding an additional constraint governing the probability algorithm. We apply this technique to produce a map of the maximum horizontal compressive stress (S_Hmax) orientations in the greater European region (including Europe, Turkey and Mediterranean Africa). Using the World Stress Map dataset release 2008, we obtain analytical probability distributions of the directional differences as a function of the angular distance, θ. We then multiply the probability distributions that are based on pre-averaged data within θ<3° of the interpolation point and determine the maximum likelihood estimate of the S_Hmax orientation. At a given distance, the probability of obtaining a particular discrepancy decreases exponentially with discrepancy. By exploiting this feature observed in the World Stress Map release 2008 dataset, we increase the robustness of our S_Hmax determinations. For a reliable determination of the most likely S_Hmax orientation, we require that 90% confidence limits be less than ±60° and a minimum of three clusters, which is achieved for 57% of the study area, with small uncertainties of less than ±10° for 7% of the area. When the data density exceeds 0.8×10^-3 data/km2, our method provides a means of reproducing significant local patterns in the stress field. Several mountain ranges in the Mediterranean display 90° changes in the S_Hmax orientation from their crests (which often experience normal faulting) and their foothills (which often experience thrust faulting). This pattern constrains the tectonic stresses to a magnitude similar to that of the topographic stresses. Description: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: The Authors 2003. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. 2012-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8449 Title: Il Sistema Informativo Territoriale della Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS (RING) Authors: Pignone, Maurizio; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Moschillo, Raffaele; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Avallone, Antonio; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Cecere, Gianpaolo; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; D'Ambrosio, Ciriaco; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; D'Anastasio, Elisabetta; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Zarrilli, Luigi; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia Abstract: Since 2004, an important technological infrastructure has been created in Italy by INGV in order to investigate active tectonics targets. A Continuous GPS network constituted by about 130 stations has been deployed all over Italy. The development and the realization of a stable GPS monumentation, the integration with other classical seismological instruments and the choice of both satellite and internet data transmission make this network one of the most innovative and reliable CGPS networks in the world. The development of the CGPS network has been accompanied by a technologically advanced development of all the aspects related to the data acquisition and the data information mining: a database and a SIT. Based on the recent techniques of Knowledge Management, the database has been developed to manage the data and the data information of all the sites of the RING network, thus allowing us to centralize information in a single common data bank and to create an unique service of access point to the data from different remote sites by internet connections. The SIT has been developed to be fully integrated with the Knowledge Management technology and it is aimed to synthesize and to display in a geographic interface the information of the RING sites. This work has been integrated with all other spatial data, such as topographic and geo-thematic maps, geological, seismological and seismo-tectonic databases. In this work, the technological aspects of the SIT of the RING network will be detailed and some examples of thematic maps will be shown. 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8382 Title: Synergic and conflicting issues in planning underground use to produce energy in densely populated countries, as Italy Geological storage of CO2, natural gas, geothermics and nuclear waste disposal Authors: Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Boschi, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia; Spena, A.; Università di Roma Tor Vergata; Buttinelli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Cantucci, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Procesi, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Abstract: In densely populated countries there is a growing and compelling need to use underground for different and possibly coexisting technologies to produce ‘‘low carbon’’ energy. These technologies include (i) clean coal combustion merged with CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS); (ii) last-generation nuclear power or, in any case, safe nuclear wastes disposal, both ‘‘temporary’’ and ‘‘geological’’ somewhere in Europe (at least in one site): Nuclear wastes are not necessarily associated to nuclear power plants; (iii) safe natural gas (CH4) reserves to allow consumption also when the foreign pipelines are less available or not available for geopolitical reasons and (iv) ‘‘low-space-consuming’’ renewables in terms of Energy Density Potential in Land (EDPL measured in [GW h/ha/year]) as geothermics. When geothermics is exploited as low enthalpy technology, the heat/cool production could be associated, where possible, to increased measures of ‘‘building efficiency’’, low seismic risks building reworking and low-enthalpy heat managing. This is undispensable to build up ‘‘smart cities’’. In any case the underground geological knowledge is prerequisite. All these technologies have been already proposed and defined by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Road Map 2009 as priorities for worldwide security: all need to use underground in a rational and safe manner. The underground is not renewable in most of case histories [10,11]. IEA recently matched and compared different technologies in a unique ‘‘Clean Energy Economy’’ improved document (Paris, November 16–17, 2011), by the contribution of this vision too (see reference). In concert with ‘‘energy efficiency’’ improvement both for plants and buildings, in the frame of the ‘‘smart cities’’ scenarios, and the upstanding use of ‘‘energy savings’’, the energetic planning on regional scale where these cities are located, are strategic for the year 2050: this planning is strongly depending by the underground availability and typology. Therefore, if both literature and European Policy are going fast to improve the concept of ‘‘smart cities’’ this paper stresses the concept of ‘‘smart regions’’, more strategic than ‘‘smart cities’’, passing throughout a discussion on the synergic and conflicting use of underground to produce energy for the ‘‘smart regions’’ as a whole. The paper highlights the research lines which are urgent to plan the soundest energy mix for each region by considering the underground performances case by case: a worldwide mapping, by GIS tools of this kind of information could be strategic for all the ‘‘world energy management’’ authorities, up to ONU, with its Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the G20, the Carbon Sequestration 2012-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8348 Title: The May 2012 Pianura Padano-Emiliana seismic sequence: INGV strong-motion data website Authors: Massa, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Lovati, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Puglia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Ameri, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Sudati, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Russo, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Franceschina, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Luzi, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Pacor, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Augliera, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia Abstract: On May 20th 2012, 06:03:02 UTC, a ML 5.9 (Mw 6.0) earthquake struck the Northern Italy (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/tdmt.html). The epicenter was localized at 11.23° E and 44.89° N, in an area among the cities of Ferrara, Modena and Mantova. The event occurred at a depth of about 6.30 km, and was characterized by a reverse focal mechanism (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/). From May 20th, thousand of earthquakes, the strongest of which with a ML 5.8 (May 29th, 07:00:03 UTC), occurred in the same area (http://iside.rm.ingv.it/). This note presents a new web site, www.mi.ingv.it/ISMD/ that includes about 2.000 threecomponents strong-motion recordings related to the events with 4.0 ≤ ML ≤ 5.9 occurred in the central part of the Pianura Padano-Emiliana (Northern Italy) from May 20th to June 3rd. The data come from all INGV strong-motion stations installed in Northern Italy (i.e. Strong-Motion Network of Northern Italy, RAIS, http://rais.mi.ingv.it/, Augliera et al., 2011; strong-motion stations of the National Seismic Network, RSN, http://cnt.rm.ingv.it) and selected with a minimum latitude of 43.5°N. The earthquake locations reported in the web site come from the National Earthquake Center of INGV (preliminary location form: http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/). An automatic procedure was developed in order to publish in the web site both metadata (processed by an automatic system) and downloadable waveforms in ascii format (uncorrected version). After each earthquake occurrence, the procedure downloads 5 minutes (starting from the event origin time) of MINI-Seed waveforms from EIDA (http://eida.rm.ingv.it/) archive and applies a fast processing and data analysis tool. The automatic data processing includes: i) a first-order baseline operator applied to the entire record, in order to have a zero-mean of the signal; ii) a baseline correction, in order to remove the linear trend, computed with a least square method; iii) tapering of the signal through a cosine function (0.01%) at the beginning and at the end of each selected window; iv) the application of a 4th order Butterworth band-pass acausal (Boore and Akkar, 2003; Boore and Bommer, 2005) filter in order to remove the high and low-frequency noise: the filter cut-off thresholds were automatically selected on the basis of the event magnitude (i.e., 0.1-40 Hz with ML ≥ 5.5; 0.2-35 Hz with 4.5 ≤ ML < 5.5; 0.3-35 with 3.5 ≤ ML < 4.5). Considering the available digital instrumentation (i.e. 24 bits Kinemetrics Episensor with a flat response up to 200 Hz) the deconvolution for the instrument response was not applied. At the end velocity waveforms were obtained through integration of the processed accelerometric data. For each component of the automatically processed signals the following GM parameters are evaluated: PGA (peak ground acceleration), PGV (peak ground velocity) and SA (5%-damped acceleration response spectra) for periods up to 4 s were calculated. Moreover, the automatic system provides PSV (5%-damped pseudo-velocity response spectra), Sd (5%-damped displacement response spectra), Ia (Arias Intensity; Arias 1970) and Ih (Housner intensity; Housner 1952). In correspondence of each recording site the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) was automatically performed considering 5 s and 10 s of S phase (starting from 1s before the S-phase onset). At the end of the automatic procedure, for each single event, a web page is generated. On each web page the results are published in terms of tables (text format) containing main strong-motion parameters and generic plots (e.g., location of recording stations, HVSRs, response spectra, accelerograms, comparison between recorded data and Italian Ground Motion Prediction Equations, Bindi et al., 2011). For each event the strong-motion records, in uncorrected ascii-format, are downloadable. Following the standards of the ITalian ACcelerometric Archive, ITACA (http://itaca.mi.ingv.it, Pacor et al., 2011), the waveforms ascii files are composed of 43 header lines followed by acceleration data in cm/s2. 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8347 Title: INGV strong-motion data web-portal: a focus on the Emilia seismic sequence of May-June 2012 Authors: Massa, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Lovati, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Sudati, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Franceschina, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Russo, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Puglia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Ameri, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Luzi, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Pacor, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; Augliera, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia Abstract: In Italy, strong-motion monitoring was started in 1972 by different Institutions, although mainly through Ente Nazionale per l'Energia Elettrica (ENEL; Italian National Electricity Company) and Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC; Italian Department of Civil Protection), with different purposes. These included permanent acceleromet- ric monitoring and temporary monitoring during seismic se- quences or before permanent installation. Today, the National Accelerometric Network (RAN; Rete Accelero- metrica Nazionale) [Gorini et al. 2010, Zambonelli et al. 2011] is operated by the DPC and consists of 464 digital sta- tions. These are distributed throughout the whole national territory, with a prevalence for areas of major seismicity. In 2006, the INGV began strong-motion monitoring, by installing 22 accelerometric stations in northern Italy (RAIS; Rete Accelerometrica Italia Settentrionale; Accelerometric Network of Northern Italy; http://rais.mi.ingv.it/). In 2008, the monitoring was extended to a national scale: this effort led to the installation of 105 accelerometers, collocated with the velocimetric sensors, in selected Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN; National Seismic Network) sites [Amato and Mele 2008] that are managed by the Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT; National Earthquake Centre). Overall, the 127 strong- motion stations that form the INGV Italian strong-motion network homogeneously cover the whole Italian territory. The progress achieved in Italy in the field of strong-mo- tion monitoring and strong-motion data archiving and dis- semination was illustrated in a recently published special issue of the Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering [Luzi et al. 2010]. The strong-motion data recorded by the RAN have been distributed and are available on request to the DPC and to the Italian Accelerometric Archive (ITACA), as the Italian strong-motion database (http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/) [Pacor et al. 2011a], which has been updated with records to 2009. The INGV strong-motion data are archived in real-time and dis- tributed through the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA; http://eida.rm.ingv.it/) web portal. Recently, an INGV working group developed the first version of a web portal with the aim of archiving, processing and distributing accelerometric data recorded by permanent and temporary INGV stations. This web portal (www.mi. ingv.it/ISMD/; Figure 1, top panel) is composed of two main modules: the former is known as the INGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD, www.mi.ingv.it/ISMD/ismd.h tml/; Figure 1, bottom left panel) and has as its main scope the analyse and distribution in quasi-real time (a few hours after event oc- currence) of the uncorrected accelerometric data, and the related metadata obtained after an automatic processing pro- cedure. This latter, known as the Dynamic Archive (DYNA, http://dyna.mi.ingv.it/DYNA-archive/; Figure 1, bottom right panel) is a dynamic database where manually post- processed accelerometric waveforms are provided, together with their metadata. Both of these archives are designed and structured in such a way that their compilations and updat- ing will be almost completely automatic. At the end of May 2012, a first prototype of the ISMD module was published, providing the uncorrected strong- motion data recorded by the INGV stations for the main events of the Emilia seismic sequence [Massa et al. 2012]. 2012-08-31T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8109 Title: Geological events during the Holocene: an overview for Northern Europe and the Mediterranean Authors: Peppoloni, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia; Di Capua, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia Abstract: The Holocene is the most recent geological epoch spanning from about 11700 years ago to the present day. The most important human civilizations appeared during the Holocene. From the Holocene onwards, environmental changes, and the hazards associated with them, became extremely important for their impact on historical events, in some cases blending with humanity’s vicissitudes and influencing the rise and decline of civilizations. This paper summarises the geological and climatic conditions of Northern Europe during the Holocene and tries to determine whether or not they support the hypothesis formulated by Felice Vinci (Vinci, 2003) about the migration of Baltic populations towards the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age at the end of the “climatic optimum” (Houghton et al., 1990; Rohling & De Rijk, 1999). This study presents data on glacio-eustatic changes and on isostatic uplift together with information on probable tsunamis that occurred in the North Atlantic, North Sea, Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea. Moreover, some data on catastrophic events that affected the Mediterranean region are reported, because these catastrophes could have favoured the settlement of “people coming from the sea” that took advantage of the demographic and socio-economic weakening of indigenous populations (Driessen, 2002). The paper aims to provide geological and palaeogeographic constraints to the hypotheses formulated by Felice Vinci on the migration of Scandinavians towards the Mediterranean. The data analysed have been collected from the available scientific literature (see references). The amount of information available for each geological phenomenon is vast and sometimes theories developed from the same data are in conflict. The comparison between the Mediterranean and the Baltic areas (one of which could have been the theatre of the Homeric events) will be useful to find evidence of geological phenomena within the Homeric texts, giving useful indications to better understand where the poems are set or at least to provide interesting discussion points related to Felice Vinci’s hypothesis (Vinci 2003). 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7647 Title: A website to explore the TINITALY/01 DEM Authors: Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Nannipieri, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia Abstract: In 2007, a new digital elevation model (DEM) of the whole Italian territory, named TINITALY/01, was presented by Tarquini et al. [2007]. This DEM was the final result of the DIGITALIA project supported by the Italian Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio in the framework of a general agreement involving the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The whole database of this DEM, in the form of a 10 m cell size grid, is available to the INGV research community at the web portal Kharita (http://kharita.rm.ingv.it/dmap/). Tarquini et al. [2007] mentioned in short a dedicated website (http://webgis.pi.ingv.it/), where authorized users were allowed to explore full resolution nadiral or perspective shaded relief images (in stereo or conventional format) obtained from the TINITALY/01 DEM. The navigation of this website is now opened to the public. The present technical report illustrates this website, describing its content and unfolding related technological aspects. 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7495 Title: GEOSIS web Authors: Pignone, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Moschillo, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia 2011-06-30T22:00:00Z