http://hdl.handle.net/2122/219 2013-05-21T20:06:10Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8691 Title: Intersection of exogenous, endogenous and anthropogenic factors in the Holocene landscape: A study of the Naples coastline during the last 6000 years Authors: Romano, P.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy; Di Vito, M. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Giampaola, D.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; Cinque, A.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy; Bartoli, C.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; Boenzi, G.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; Detta, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy; Di Marco, M.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; Giglio, M.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; Iodice, S.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; Liuzza, V.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy; Ruello, M. R.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy; Schiano di Cola, C.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy Abstract: New data on the ancient landscape of Naples (southern Italy) during the middle and late Holocene from geo-archaeological excavations associated with public transport works were used to reconstruct the hill and coastal environment to the west of the ancient Graeco-Roman polis, where remains of human settlements date to the late Neolithic. The rich stratigraphic and archaeological records that emerged from the digs and from previous boreholes were measured and analysed by combining sedimentary facies analysis, tephrostratigraphy and archaeological data. Between the 5th and 4th millennia BP, a rocky profile with a wave-cut platform cutting across pyroclastites emplaced from the surrounding volcanoes was predominant in the coastal landscape. During the 3rd millennium BP, this rocky coast was progressively replaced by a sandy littoral environment primarily due to marine deposition, with a coastline located some hundred meters inland with respect to the modern one. The sedimentary record of the Greek and Roman periods indicates short-term fluctuations of the coastline, leading to the establishment of a backshore environment towards the end of the 6th century AD, when prograding river mouths and lobes of debris flows contributed to the advancing trend of the shoreline. The frequent archaeological remains from these periods indicate a stable settled area since Roman times. The shoreline was still subject to short-lived fluctuations between the 12th and 16th centuries, and attained its present position during the modern era with man-made reshaping of its profile. The construction of Relative Sea Level curves for two coastal sites reveals that the persistence of the foreshore environment in the Naples coastal strip during the 5th and 4th millennia BP was controlled by the counterbalancing effect of either the concurrent eustatic sea level rise or subsidence. On the other hand, the morpho-stratigraphic record for the last two millennia shows a significant correlation between sedimentation rate and settlement history, accounting for the dominant role of the anthropogenic forcing-factor in late Holocene landscape history. In particular, land mismanagement during Late Antiquity seems to have triggered a slope disequilibrium phase, exacerbating soil erosion and increasing the sediment accumulation rate in both foothill and coastal areas. Nonetheless, the environmental changes of the Chiaia coast during the last 2000 years clearly show volcanicetectonic perturbations influencing coastline development up to the modern era. 2012-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8667 Title: Terrain characterization and structural control of the Auca Mahuida volcanism (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) Authors: Ventura, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; De Ritis, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Longo, M.; Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Chiappini, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Abstract: Geomorphometric parameters (slope, aspect, valley depth, and areal density of cones) derived from a moderate resolution digital elevation model with a grid spacing of 100 m are used in an attempt to interpret the tectonic/structural features related to surface deformation in the Auca Mahuida volcanic terrain (Neuquén Basin, Argentina). The Auca Mahuida (2.03–0.88 Ma) is the southernmost volcanic field of the Payenia volcanic province, in the Andean foreland. The foreland is subjected to an E–W compression related to the eastward migration of the N–S striking thrust front of the Andes. The geomorphometric analysis indicates that the Auca Mahuida consists of a basal, E–W elongated lava field with monogenic vents and a summit, polygenic, also E–W elongated, cone. A N100◦E striking fault controls the southern flank of the field, which is also affected by scarps related to erosional and gravity-controlled processes. The drainage network shows a pseudo-radial pattern around the summit cone, and the Auca Mahuida’s deepest valley is structurally controlled by a NNW–SSE striking fault affecting the sedimentary basement. The volcanic field lies on a NE to E dipping substratum. The areal distribution of the monogenic cones is consistent with ascent of magmas along E–W striking fractures, and with elastic models of a pressurized hole (magma chamber) subjected to an E–W compression. At Auca Mahuida, the ascent of melts from the mantle is controlled, in the overriding crust, by tectonic structures formed in response to the E–W compression of the Andes. 2012-10-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8660 Title: Geomorphological evidence from the MAPPA-Web-GIS: explanatory notes Authors: Bini, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Bisson, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Capitani, M.; Laboratorio Mappa, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Noti, V.; Laboratorio Mappa, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Pappalardo, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia Abstract: Detecting landforms in floodplains is perhaps the most challenging activity for a geomorphologist (Castiglioni 2001). In fact the natural evolution of a floodplain tends to cancel landforms soon after they are no longer active. The Pisa Plain, in particular, was formed in sea-level rise conditions, and thus its evolution was accompanied by a constant rise of base-level. Aggradation was then combined with progradation, resulting in a progressive burial of landforms. Nevertheless those landforms that were buried by more recent alluvium, such as stream channels or marshes, leave a fingerprint which may be visible on modern topography in the form of weak undulations in the ground floor. These are normally undetectable in the field and need an extremely detailed micro-relief representation to be highlighted. Such “inherited” landforms, even if recognized, are then difficult to classify and constrain chronologically. Finally their mutual relationships are hard to assess. Long-aged settlement contributes to modify past fluvial landforms in floodplains, creating an artificial drainage network and enhancing natural topographic highs building artificial ground levels. Specific great-scale surveys are necessary to investigate floodplains geomorphological setting, and a cross-disciplinary approach is in most cases indispensable (Piovan et alii 2006). A Digital Terrain Model reproducing the topography of investigated area with a very high spatial resolution becomes fundamental for studying some landscapes of difficult interpretation as the floodplains where the original morphologies can be lost or modified by the natural environmental changes or by the human activity (Ninfo et alii 2011). Mapping landforms is the first step to perform landscape interpretation. The representation code used by Italian scholars (Servizio Geologico Nazionale, 1994) is a powerful tool that provides all the necessary information to genetically constrain landforms and to assess their mutual relationship in time and space. In this work, though, we preferred not to use this type of representation. In fact in the MAPPA Project all data (archaeological, geological and geomorphological) are included in a digital mapping instrument (the MAPPA web-GIS) which provides access to all the project results for a wide community of end-users, such as researchers, professionals, operators of local public institutions, dealing with archaeological heritage protection, environmental management, natural hazard mitigation. This tool must be simple to consult and must enable real-time queries of data. For this reason a specific legend has been worked out for the MAPPA Web GIS geomorphological map. The milestone of geomorphological maps of the Pisa Plain (Mazzanti 1994) was actually based on cross-checking information on surface lithology with evidence from aerial photography and hystoricalarchaeological data. More recent documents (e.g. Provincia di Pisa http://sit.provincia.pisa.it), improved the resolution of the data but with limited accuracy due to the lack of a suitable topographic base. In the framework of the MAPPA Project new geomorphological evidence was collected thanks to the availability of a Lidar survey and new detailed remote sensing analyses (Bini et alii 2012). The Airborne Lidar Scanning (ALS), acquiring spatially dense altimetry data set over short periods of time, allows the production of very detailed Digital Terrain Models (DTM) even in areas strongly urbanized or covered by dense vegetation. Remote sensing enables to map those features that are hardly detectable in the field due to their scarce relief energy. The nature of surface fingerprints of buried landforms could be verified thanks to the project data base. These new data were represented according to a special code worked out in order to incorporate our data in the MAPPA-Web-GIS; this code will be illustrated in the following, together with the criteria used for landforms detection. 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8603 Title: The survey and mapping of sand-boil landforms related to the Emilia 2012 earthquakes: preliminary results Authors: Ninfo, A.; Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova; Zizioli, D.; Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Ambientali, Pavia, Italy; Meisina, C.; Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Ambientali, Pavia, Italy; Castaldini, D.; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Modena, Italy; Zucca, F.; Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Ambientali, Pavia, Italy; Luzi, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia; De Amicis, M.; Università di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Milano, Italy Abstract: Sand boils, which are also known as sand blows or sand volcanoes, are among the most common superficial effects induced by high-magnitude earthquakes. These generally occur in or close to alluvial plains when a strong earthquake (M >5) strikes on a lens of saturated and unconsolidated sand deposits that are constrained between silt-clay layers [Ambraseys 1988, Carter and Seed 1988, Galli 2000, Tuttle 2001, Obermeier et al. 2005], where the sediments are converted into a fluid suspension. The liquefaction phenomena requires the presence of saturated and uncompacted sand, and a groundwater table near the ground surface. This geological– geomorphological setting is common and widespread for the Po Plain (Italy) [Castiglioni et al. 1997]. The Po Plain (ca. 46,000 km2) represents 15% of the Italian territory. It hosts a population of about 20 million people (mean density of 450 people/km2) and many infrastructures. Thus, the Po Plain is an area of high vulnerability when considering the liquefaction potential in the case of a strong earthquake. Despite the potential, such phenomena are rarely observed in northern Italy [Cavallin et al. 1977, Galli 2000], because strong earthquakes are not frequent in this region; e.g., historical data report soil liquefaction near Ferrara in 1570 (M 5.3) and in Argenta 1624 (M 5.5) [Prestininzi and Romeo 2000, Galli 2000]. In the Emilia quakes of May 20 and 29, 2012, the most widespread coseismic effects were soil liquefaction and ground cracks, which occurred over wide areas in the Provinces of Modena, Ferrara, Bologna, Reggio Emilia and Mantova (Figure 1). These were the causes of considerable damage to buildings and the infrastructure. The soil liquefaction and ground cracks were accompanied by sand boils, which are described in this report. The spatial distribution and geomorphological setting of sand boils and ground cracks are also described here. A detailed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of these features is also presented, which was carried out using terrestrial photogrammetry. Since archeological times, fluvial ridges, and in general sandy deposits on low plains have been the preferred sites for human infrastructure, colonial houses, roads, etc. Therefore, it is very important to understand how the local topography/ morphology interacts in the liquefaction processes. Numerous distinctive seismic landforms were generated by the May 2012 strong earthquakes (seven with M >5), and in particular, sand boils and ground fractures. The sand-boil landforms, also known as sand craters or sand volcanoes, are formed by low mounds of sand that have been extruded from fractures [Tuttle 2001]. The cone is a generally shortlived structure that naturally collapses, starting from the center holes that mark the water retreat back into the fracture. Sand boils also occurred along larger cracks (with decimetric lateral and vertical displacements). Here, the upper scarps block the formation of craters and allow the deposition of a sandy layer several centimeters thick (e.g. ca. 4 cm in the San Carlo crack), on the lower side of the steep slope. These landforms are highly vulnerable to erosion. After a few weeks, they are washed out by rain, destroyed by human activity, or masked by growing crops. Thus, ground surveys that investigate these events have to be carried out as soon as possible [Panizza et al. 1981]. In this report, we present preliminary results using methods to map the detailed micro-morphology of some representative liquefaction features (Figure 2) that normally disappear for the aforementioned reasons, or that are recorded only in qualitative terms. 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8551 Title: GIS Methodology to Assess Landslide Susceptibility: Application to a River Catchment of Central Italy Authors: Leoni, G.; Consultant Geologist,; Barchiesi, F.; Roma Tre University; Catallo, F.; Roma Tre University; Dramis, F.; Roma Tre University; Fubelli, G.; Roma Tre University; Lucifora, S.; Roma Tre University; Mattei, M.; Roma Tre University; Pezzo, G.; Department of Geological Sciences, Roma Tre University; Puglisi, C.; ENEA, C.R. Casaccia Abstract: This paper illustrates a geographic information system (GIS) supported methodology for the assessment of landslide susceptibility. The methodology involves four operational steps: survey, site analysis, macro- area analysis and susceptibility analysis . The Survey includes the production (or acquisition) of a large-scale litho-technical map, a large-scale geomorphological map, a detailed inventory of past and present land- slide events, and a high resolution DTM (Digital Terrain Model. Site analysis leads to the definition of discriminating parameters (commonly, lithological and morphometric conditions necessary but not suffi- cient to trigger a landslide of a given type) and predisposing factors (conditions that worsen slope stability but are not sufficient to trigger a landslide of a given type in the absence of discriminating parameters ). The different predisposing factors are subdivided into classes, whose intervals are established by descriptive, statistical analysis of landslide inventory data. A numerical index, based on the frequency of landslide occurrence, quantifies the contribution of each class to slope instability. Macro-area analysis includes the generation of Litho-Morphometric Units (LMU) by overlaying discrimina- ting parameters , manual drawing of LMU envelopes ( macro-areas ), generation of predisposing factor maps from the spatial distribution of predisposing factors , and heuristic weighting of predisposing factor indices. Susceptibility analysis includes the generation of Homogeneous Territorial Units (HTU) by overlaying macro- areas and predisposing factor maps , and the application of a susceptibility function to the different HTU. The resulting values are normalized before the generation of the landslide susceptibility maps . The methodo- logy has been applied to the Fiumicino River catchment, located in the western side of Latium Apennine (Central Italy) between 200 and 1300 m a.s.l. and developed on Late Miocene calcarenites, sandstones with clay intercalations, and marls. The resulting landslide susceptibility maps will be employed in envi- ronmental management. They also represent the preliminary step for the assessment of landslide hazard and risk 2012-01-22T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8478 Title: Integrating new and traditional approaches for the estimate of slip-rates of active faults: examples from the Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake area, Central Italy Authors: Civico, Riccardo; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Abstract: This thesis developed a multidisciplinary and multi-scale investigation strategy based on the integration of traditional and innovative approaches aimed at improving the normal faults seismogenic identification and characterization, focusing mainly on slip-rate estimate as a measure of the fault activity. The L’Aquila Mw 6.3 April 6, 2009 earthquake causative fault was used as a test site for the application, testing, and refinement of traditional and/or innovative approaches, with the aim to 1) evaluate their strength or limitations 2) develop a reference approach useful for extending the investigation to other active faults in the area and 3) translate the results of the methodological approaches into new inputs to local seismic hazard. The April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake occurred on a so far poorly known tectonic structure, considered having a limited seismic potential, the Paganica - San Demetrio fault system (PSDFS), and thus has highlighted the need for a detailed knowledge in terms of location, geometry, and characterization of the active faults that are the potential sources for future earthquakes. To fill the gap of knowledge enhanced by the occurrence of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake, we developed a multidisciplinary and multiscale‐based strategy consisting of paleoseismological investigations, detailed geomorphological and geological field studies, as well as shallow geophysical imaging and an innovative methodology that uses, as an alternative paleoseismological tool, core sampling and laboratory analyses but also in situ measurements of physical properties. The integration of geomorphology, geology as well as shallow geophysics, was essential to produce a new detailed geomorphological and geological map of the PSDFS and to define its tectonic style, arrangement, kinematics, extent, geometry and internal complexities. Our investigations highlighted that the PSDFS is a 19 km-long tectonic structure characterized by a complex structural setting at the surface and that is arranged in two main sectors: the Paganica sector to the NW and the San Demetrio sector to SE. The Paganica sector is characterized by a narrow deformation zone, with a relatively small (but deep) Quaternary basin affected by few fault splays. The San Demetrio sector is characterized by a strain distribution at the surface that is accommodated by several tectonic structures, with the system opening into a set of parallel, km-spaced fault traces that exhume and dissect the Quaternary basin. The integration of all the fault displacement data and age constraints (radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and tephrochronology) resulting from paleoseismological, geomorphological, geophysical and geological investigations played a primary role in the estimate of the slip-rate of the PSDFS. Slip-rates were estimated for different time intervals in the Quaternary, from Early Pleistocene (1.8 Ma) to Late Holocene (last 5 ka), yielding values ranging between 0.09 and 0.58 mm/yr and providing an average Quaternary slip-rate representative for the PSDFS of 0.27 - 0.48 mm/yr. We contributed also to the understanding of the PSDFS seismic behavior and of the local seismic hazard by estimating the max expected magnitude for this fault on the basis of its length (ca. 20 km) and slip per event (up to 0.8 m), and identifying the two most active fault splays at present. Our multidisciplinary results converge toward the possibility of the occurrence of past surface faulting earthquakes characterized by a moment magnitude between 6.3 and 6.8, notably larger than the 2009 event, but compatible with the M range observed in historical earthquakes in the area. The slip-rate distribution over time and space and the tectonic style of the PSDFS suggested the occurrence of strain migration through time in the southern sector, from the easternmost basin-bounding fault splay toward the southwestern splays. This topic has a significant implication in terms of surface faulting hazard in the area, because it can contribute defining the fault splays that have a higher potential to slip during future earthquakes along the PSDFS. By a methodological point of view, the multidisciplinary and multiscale‐based investigation strategy emphasizes the advantages of the joint application of different approaches and methodologies for active faults identification and characterization. Our work suggests that each approach alone may provide sufficient information but only the application of a multidisciplinary strategy is effective in providing robust results and in defining a proper framework of active faults. 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8460 Title: Rapporto tecnico su: identificazione e caratterizzazione delle sorgenti sismogenetiche Authors: Basili, Roberto; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Burrato, Pierfrancesco; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Mariano, Sofia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Mirabella, Francesco; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Ravaglia, Antonio; Valensise, Gianluca; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Vannoli, Paola; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8455 Title: A photographic dataset of the coseismic geological effects induced on the environment by the 2012 Emilia (Northern Italy) earthquake sequence Authors: Alessio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Alfonsi, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Brunori, C. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Burrato, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Casula, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Cinti, F. R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Civico, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Colini, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Cucci, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; De Martini, P. M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Falcucci, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Galadini, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Gaudiosi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Gori, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Moro, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Nappi, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Nardi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Nave, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Pantosti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Patera, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Pesci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Pignone, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; Pinzi, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Pucci, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Vannoli, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Venuti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Villani, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; EMERGEO, Working Group; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Abstract: We present a collection of pictures of the coseismic secondary geological effects produced on the environment by the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence in northern Italy. The May-June 2012 sequence struck a broad area located in the Po Plain region, causing 26 deaths and hundreds of injured, 15.000 homeless, severe damage of historical centres and industrial areas, and an estimated economic toll of ~2 billion of euros. The sequence included two mainshocks (Figure 1): the first one, with ML 5.9, occurred on May 20 between Finale Emilia, S. Felice sul Panaro and S. Martino Spino; the second one, with ML 5.8, occurred 12 km southwest of the previous mainshock on May 29. Both the mainshocks occurred on about E-W trending, S dipping blind thrust faults; the whole aftershocks area extends in an E-W direction for more than 50 km and includes five ML≥5.0 events and more than 1800 ML>1.5 events. Ground cracks and liquefactions were certainly the most relevant coseismic geological effects observed during the Emilia sequence. In particular, extensive liquefaction was observed over an area of ~1200 km2 following the May 20 and May 29 events. We collected all the coseismic geological evidence through field survey, helicopter and powered hang-glider trike survey, and reports from local people directly checked in the field. On the basis of their morphologic and structural characteristics the 1362 effects surveyed were grouped into three main categories: a) liquefactions related to overpressure of aquifers, occurring through several aligned vents forming coalescent flat cones (485 effects); b) liquefactions with huge amounts of liquefied sand and fine sand ejected from fractures tens of meters long (768); c) extensional fractures with small vertical throws, apparently organized in an en-echelon pattern, with no effects of liquefaction (109). The photographic dataset consists of 99 pictures of coseismic geological effects observed in 17 localities concentrated in the epicentral area. The pictures are sorted and presented by locality of observation; each photo reports several information such as the name of the site, the geographical coordinates and the type of effect observed. Figure 1 shows a map of the pictures sites along with the location of the two mainshocks; Figure 2 shows a detail of the distribution of the liquefactions in the area of S. Carlo. The complete description of the coseismic geological effects induced by the Emilia sequence, their relation with the aftershock area, the InSAR deformation area and the I>6 EMS felt area, along with the description of the technologies used for data sourcing and processing are shown in Emergeo Working Group [2012a and 2012b]. 2012-09-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8259 Title: Morphometry of scoria cones, and their relation to geodynamic setting: A DEM-based analysis Authors: Fornaciai, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Karátson, D.; Department of Physical Geography, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Boschi, E. Abstract: The morphometry of a great number of scoria cones, belonging to volcanic fields of various geodynamic settings, has been measured and analyzed, addressing the question whether there is a relation between the prevalent cone shape in a given field and the geodynamic setting of the field itself. Morphometric analysis was carried out on freely downloadable digital elevation models (DEMs). The accuracy of the used DEMs and the associated error in scoria cone morphometry were determined by cross-comparing high-resolution LIDAR-derived DEMs, USGS NED, TINITALY DEM and ASTER GDEM. The 10-m TINITALY/01 and USGS NED DEMs are proven to be suitable for scoria cone morphometry, whereas ASTER GDEM can be used reliably for cones with volume greater than 30 × 106 m3. According to a detailed morphometry of all scoria cones, we propose that the cones related to subductional setting show relatively higher values of Hco/Wco and lower values of Wcr/Wco than the cones related to extensional setting. The detected differences can be imputable to peculiar eruption dynamics resulting in slight but systematic changes in shape, and differences in lithological and sedimentological characteristics that govern post-eruptive erosion. To constrain the pathway of scoria cone erosion, the detected morphometric changes were also interpreted using a simple linear degradation model. Utilizing the obtained simulation results, the inferred initial cone base, and the age of scoria cones, we calculated a diffusion coefficient (K) for several dated cones, which are related to the prevalent climate. Our results, despite the high error associated, allow to assess the median K for all volcanic fields. Due to the complexity of the factors behind, it is not easy to understand if the prevalent shape characterizing a certain volcanic field is due mainly to sin-eruptive or post-eruptive mechanisms; however, our distinction between the two main geodynamic settings may be the first step to decipher these factors. 2012-02-29T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8258 Title: Dispersion index of topographic surfaces Authors: Favalli, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Tarquini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Fornaciai, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; Boschi, E. Abstract: The dispersion index (dσ) of topography is introduced. This index is a geomorphic parameter which characterizes each point of topography with respect to the stability/instability of the steepest descent path (SDP) originating from it. The procedure for calculating dσ is based on the assessment of SDP variations as the initial topography is also varied within a given elevation Δh, while a length scale L defines the maximum extent of the SDP. As a result, dσ can be derived for different ranges Δh and different bandwidths L. Since at each point the gravitational force would direct a surface flow along the SDP, dσ appears to have a strong influence on the behavior of gravity-driven mass flows, influencing local topographic widening, spreading or channelization. Considering Mount Etna (Italy) as a test case, we present maps of dσ for Δh = 3 m and L = 1, 2, 4 and 8 km, demonstrating also the relationship between the range Δh = 3 m and Etnean lava flows. Focusing on the 2001 lava flow, we show that the presented maps of dσ, besides being a tool for viewing morphologies, have interesting applications for hazard assessment related to lava flows. 2012-05-31T22:00:00Z