http://hdl.handle.net/2122/176 2013-05-16T12:27:35Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8646 Title: Detection potential of the KM3NeT detector for high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles Authors: Adrián-Martínez, S.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Ageron, M.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Aguilar, J. A.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Aharonian, F.; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Ireland; Aiello, S.; INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy; Albert, A.; Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies, (GRPHE)/EA3438/Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France; Alexandri, M.; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece; Ameli, F.; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy; Anassontzis, E. G.; University of Athens, Greece; Anghinolfi, M.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Anton, G.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Anvar, S.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Ardid, M.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Assis Jesus, A.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Aubert, J. -J.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Bakker, R.; Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands; Ball, A. E.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Barbarino, G.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Napoli, Italy; Barbarito, E.; INFN Sezione di Bari, University of Bari, Italy; Barbato, F.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Napoli, Italy; Baret, B.; APC – AstroParticule et Cosmologie, UMR 7164, CNRS, Université Paris 7, CEA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France; de Bel, M.; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Belias, A.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Bellou, N.; University of Kiel, Germany; Berbee, E.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Berkien, A.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Bersani, A.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Bertin, V.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Beurthey, S.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Biagi, S.; INFN Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy; Bigongiari, C.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Bigourdan, B.; IFREMER, France; Billault, M.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; de Boer, R.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Boer Rookhuizen, H.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Bonori, M.; INFN Sezione di Roma, University of Roma 1 ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Italy; Borghini, M.; CNR-ISMAR, La Spezia, Trieste, Genova, Italy; Bou-Cabo, M.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Bouhadef, B.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Bourlis, G.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Bouwhuis, M.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Bradbury, S.; University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Brown, A.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Bruni, F.; Tecnomare, Ven, Italy; Brunner, J.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Brunoldi, M.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Busto, J.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Cacopardo, G.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Caillat, L.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Calvo Díaz-Aldagalán, D.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Calzas, A.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Canals, M.; University of Barcelona, Spain; Capone, A.; INFN Sezione di Roma, University of Roma 1 ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Italy; Carr, J.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Castorina, E.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Cecchini, S.; INFN Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy; Ceres, A.; INFN Sezione di Bari, University of Bari, Italy; Cereseto, R.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Chaleil, Th.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Chateau, F.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Chiarusi, T.; INFN Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy; Choqueuse, D.; IFREMER, France; Christopoulou, P.E.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Chronis, G.; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece; Ciaffoni, O.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy; Circella, M.; INFN Sezione di Bari, University of Bari, Italy; Cocimano, R.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Cohen, F.; Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies, (GRPHE)/EA3438/Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France; Colijn, F.; University of Kiel, Germany; Coniglione, R.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Cordelli, M.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy; Cosquer, A.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Costa, M.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Coyle, P.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Craig, J.; University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Creusot, A.; APC – AstroParticule et Cosmologie, UMR 7164, CNRS, Université Paris 7, CEA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France; Curtil, C.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; D’Amico, A.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Damy, G.; IFREMER, France; De Asmundis, R.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy; De Bonis, G.; INFN Sezione di Roma, University of Roma 1 ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Italy; Decock, G.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Decowski, P.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Delagnes, E.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; De Rosa, G.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Napoli, Italy; Distefano, C.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Donzaud, C.; APC – AstroParticule et Cosmologie, UMR 7164, CNRS, Université Paris 7, CEA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France; Dornic, D.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q.; KVI, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Drogou, J.; IFREMER, France; Drouhin, D.; Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies, (GRPHE)/EA3438/Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France; Druillole, F.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Drury, L.; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Ireland; Durand, D.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Durand, G. A.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Eberl, T.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Emanuele, U.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Enzenhöfer, A.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Ernenwein, J. -P.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Escoffier, S.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Espinosa, V.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Etiope, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Favali, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Felea, D.; Institute of Space Science, Ma˘gurele-Bucharest, Romania; Ferri, M.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Ferry, S.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Flaminio, V.; University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien/IN2P3/CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Folger, F.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Fotiou, A.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Fritsch, U.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Gajanana, D.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Garaguso, R.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Gasparini, G. P.; CNR-ISMAR, La Spezia, Trieste, Genova, Italy; Gasparoni, F.; Tecnomare, Ven, Italy; Gautard, V.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Gensolen, F.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Geyer, K.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Giacomelli, G.; INFN Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy; Gialas, I.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Giordano, V.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Giraud, J.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Gizani, N.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Gleixner, A.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Gojak, C.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Gómez-González, J. P.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Graf, K.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Grasso, D.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Grimaldi, A.; INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy; Groenewegen, R.; Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands; Guédé, Z.; IFREMER, France; Guillard, G.; University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien/IN2P3/CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Guilloux, F.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Habel, R.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy; Hallewell, G.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; van Haren, H.; Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands; van de Hoek, M.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Hogenbirk, J.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Hößl, J.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Hsu, C. C.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Imbesi, M.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Jamieson, A.; University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Jansweijer, P.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; de Jong, M.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Jouvenot, F.; University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Kadler, M.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; KVI, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Kalekin, O.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Kappes, A.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Karolak, M.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Katz, U. F.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Kavatsyuk, O.; KVI, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Keller, P.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Kiskiras, Y.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Klein, R.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Kok, H.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Kontoyiannis, H.; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece; Kooijman, P.; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Koopstra, J.; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Kopper, C.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Korporaal, A.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Koske, P.; University of Kiel, Germany; Kouchner, A.; APC – AstroParticule et Cosmologie, UMR 7164, CNRS, Université Paris 7, CEA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France; Koutsoukos, S.; University of Athens, Greece; Kreykenbohm, I.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Kulikovskiy, V.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Laan, M.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; La Fratta, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Lagier, P.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Lahmann, R.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Lamare, P.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Larosa, G.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Lattuada, D.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Leisos, A.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Lenis, D.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Leonora, E.; INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy; Le Provost, H.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Lim, G.; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Llorens, C. D.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Lloret, J.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Löhner, H.; KVI, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Lloret, J.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Löhner, H.; KVI, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Lo Presti, D.; INFN Sezione di Catania, University of Catania, Italy; Lotrus, P.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Louis, F.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Lucarelli, F.; INFN Sezione di Roma, University of Roma 1 ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Italy; Lykousis, V.; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece; Malyshev, D.; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Ireland; Mangano, S.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Marcoulaki, E. C.; National Center of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos’’, Athens, Greece; Margiotta, A.; INFN Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy; Marinaro, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Marinelli, A.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Maris, O.; Institute of Space Science, Ma˘gurele-Bucharest, Romania; Markopoulos, E.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Markou, C.; National Center of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos’’, Athens, Greece; Martínez-Mora, J. A.; Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió integrada de les Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica València, Gandia, Spain; Martini, A.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy; Marvaldi, J.; IFREMER, France; Masullo, R.; INFN Sezione di Roma, University of Roma 1 ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Italy; Maurin, G.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Migliozzi, P.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy; Migneco, E.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Minutoli, S.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Miraglia, A.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Mollo, C. M.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy; Mongelli, M.; INFN Sezione di Bari, University of Bari, Italy; Monmarthe, E.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Morganti, M.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Mos, S.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Motz, H.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Moudden, Y.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Mul, G.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Musico, P.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Musumeci, M.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Naumann, Ch.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Neff, M.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Nicolaou, C.; University of Cyprus, Cyprus; Orlando, A.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Palioselitis, D.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Papageorgiou, K.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Păvălaş, G. E.; Institute of Space Science, Ma˘gurele-Bucharest, Romania; Peek, H. Z.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Perkin, J.; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Piattelli, P.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Popa, V.; Institute of Space Science, Ma˘gurele-Bucharest, Romania; Pradier, T.; University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien/IN2P3/CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Presani, E.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Priede, I.G.; University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Psallidas, A.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Rabouille, C.; CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Racca, C.; Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies, (GRPHE)/EA3438/Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France; Radu, A.; Institute of Space Science, Ma˘gurele-Bucharest, Romania; Randazzo, N.; INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy; Rapidis, P. A.; National Center of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos’’, Athens, Greece; Razis, P.; University of Cyprus, Cyprus; Real, D.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Reed, C.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Reito, S.; INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy; Resvanis, L. K.; University of Athens, Greece; Riccobene, G.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Richter, R.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Roensch, K.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Rolin, J.; IFREMER, France; Rose, J.; University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Roux, J.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Rovelli, A.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Russo, A.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Napoli, Italy; Russo, G. V.; INFN Sezione di Catania, University of Catania, Italy; Salesa, F.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Samtleben, D.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Sapienza, P.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Schmelling, J. -W.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Schmid, J.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Schnabel, J.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Schroeder, K.; CNR-ISMAR, La Spezia, Trieste, Genova, Italy; Schuller, J. -P.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Schussler, F.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Sciliberto, D.; INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy; Sedita, M.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Seitz, T.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Shanidze, R.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Simeone, F.; INFN Sezione di Roma, University of Roma 1 ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Italy; Siotis, I.; National Center of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos’’, Athens, Greece; Sipala, V.; INFN Sezione di Cagliari, University of Sassari, Italy; Sollima, C.; INFN Sezione di Pisa, University of Pisa, Italy; Sparnocchia, S.; CNR-ISMAR, La Spezia, Trieste, Genova, Italy; Spies, A.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Spurio, M.; INFN Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy; Staller, T.; University of Kiel, Germany; Stavrakakis, S.; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece; Steijger, J.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Stolarczyk, T.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Stransky, D.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Taiuti, M.; INFN Sezione di Genova, University of Genova, Italy; Taylor, A.; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Ireland; Thompson, L.; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Timmer, P.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tonoiu, D.; Institute of Space Science, Ma˘gurele-Bucharest, Romania; Toscano, S.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Touramanis, C.; University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Trasatti, L.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy; Traverso, P.; CNR-ISMAR, La Spezia, Trieste, Genova, Italy; Trovato, A.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Tsirigotis, A.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Tzamarias, S.; Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Tzamariudaki, E.; National Center of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos’’, Athens, Greece; Urbano, F.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Vallage, B.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Van Elewyck, V.; APC – AstroParticule et Cosmologie, UMR 7164, CNRS, Université Paris 7, CEA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France; Vannoni, G.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Vecchi, M.; CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France; Vernin, P.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Viola, S.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy; Vivolo, D.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, University of Napoli, Italy; Wagner, S.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Werneke, P.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; White, R. J.; University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Wijnker, G.; Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Wilms, J.; Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; de Wolf, E.; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Yepes, H.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Zhukov, V.; NOA/NESTOR, Pylos, Greece; Zonca, E.; CEA, IRFU, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Zornoza, J. D.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; Zúñiga, J.; IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, Spain; The KM3NeT Collaboration Abstract: A recent analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data provided evidence for a high-intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E 2 spectrum from two large areas, spanning 50 above and below the Galactic centre (the ‘‘Fermi bubbles’’). A hadronic mechanism was proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source candidates of high-energy neutrino emission. In this work Monte Carlo simulations regarding the detectability of high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles with the future multi-km3 neutrino telescope KM3NeT in the Mediterranean Sea are presented. Under the hypothesis that the gamma-ray emission is completely due to hadronic processes, the results indicate that neutrinos from the bubbles could be discovered in about one year of operation, for a neutrino spectrum with a cutoff at 100 TeV and a detector with about 6 km3 of instrumented volume. The effect of a possible lower cutoff is also considered. 2013-01-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7104 Title: Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas Authors: Ruhl, H. A.; NOCS; Andrè, M.; UPC; Beranzoli, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Çagatay, M. N.; ITU; Colaço, A.; Univ. Azores; Cannat, M.; IPGP; Dañobeitia, J. J.; CSIC-UTM; Favali, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Géli, L.; IFREMER; Gillooly, M.; IMI; Greinert, J.; NIOZ; Hall, P. O. J.; Univ. Goteborg; Huber, R.; MARUM; Karstensen, J.; Univ. Kiel; Lampitt, R. S.; NOCS; Larkin, K. E.; NOCS; Lykousis, V.; HCMR; Mienert, J.; Univ. Tromsø; Miranda, J. M.; Univ. Lisboa; Person, R.; IFREMER; Priede, I. G.; Univ. Aberdeen; Puillat, I.; IFREMER; Thomsen, L.; Jacobs Univ. Bremen; Waldmann, C.; MARUM Abstract: Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate. Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related? The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised. 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6831 Title: A new real time tsunami detection algorithm for bottom pressure measurements in open ocean: characterization and benchmarks Authors: Pignagnoli, L.; Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca, sezione Bologna, via Gobetti, 101 - 40129 Bologna, Italy; Chierici, F.; Istituto di Radioastronomia, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, sezione Bologna, via Gobetti, 101 - 40129 Bologna, Italy; Embriaco, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Abstract: In the last decades the use of the Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR) in a deep ocean environment for tsunami de- tection has had a relevant development. A key role for an early warning system based on BPRs is played by the tsunami detection algorithms running in real time on the BPR itself or on land. We present a new algorithm for tsunami detection based on real time pressure data analysis by a filtering cascade. This procedure consists of a tide removing, spike removing, low pass filtering and linear prediction or band pass filtering; the output filtered data is then matched against a given pressure threshold. Once exceeded a parent tsunami signal is detected. The main characteristics of the algorithm is its site specific adaptability and its flexibility that greatly enhance the detection reliability. In particular it was shown that removing the predicted tide strongly reduces the dynamical range of the pressure time series, allowing the detection of small tsunami signal. The algorithm can also be ap- plied to the data acquired by a tide gauge. The algorithm is particularly designed and optimized to be used in an autonomous early warning system. A statistical method for algorithms evaluation has been developed in order to characterize the algorithms features with particular regards to false alarm probability, detection probability and detection earliness. Different configura- tions of the algorithm are tested for comparison using both synthetic and real pressure data set recorded in different environmental conditions and locations. The algorithm was installed onboard of the GEOSTAR abyssal station, deployed at 3264 m depth in the Gulf of Cadiz and successfully operated for 1 year, from August 2007 to August 2008. 2010-05-01T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6818 Title: Geophysical Data Acquisition and Transmission for the SN-1 observatory to be deployed off shore Catania Authors: Embriaco, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Giovanetti, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Marinaro, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia 2010-05-20T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5132 Title: Correlation between scintillation indices and gradient drift wave amplitudes in the northern polar ionosphere Authors: Burston, R.; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.; Astin, I.; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.; Mitchell, C.; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.; Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Pedersen, T.; Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, USA; Skone, S.; Department of Geomatics Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Abstract: A model is developed of the gradient drift instability growth rate in the north polar cap ionosphere, utilizing a novel approach employing an ionospheric imaging algorithm. The growth rate values calculated by this model are in turn used to estimate how the amplitudes of actual gradient drift waves vary over time as the plasma drifts and the growth rates change with time. Ionospheric imaging is again used in order to determine plasma drift velocities. The final output from the model is in turn used to assess the linear correlation between the scintillation indices S4 and σØ recorded by several GPS L1 band scintillation receivers stationed in the north polar cap and mean gradient drift wave amplitudes. Four separate magnetic storm periods, totaling 13 days, are analyzed in this way. The results show weak but significant linear correlations between the mean wave amplitudes calculated and the observed scintillation indices at F layer altitudes. 2009-07-20T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5067 Title: ANTARTIDE. Un osservatorio naturale per comprendere la Terra Authors: Meloni, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Cafarella, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; De Franceschi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Morelli, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Danesi, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Grezio, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Russi, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica sperimentale (OGS), Borgo Grotta Gigante, 42/c - Trieste; Guidarelli, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Trieste, Via Weiss, 1 - Trieste; Bonaccorso, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Gambino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; Capra, A.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Civile, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese, 905 - Modena; Dubbini, M.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Civile, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese, 905 - Modena; Pellegrini, A.; Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA - Casaccia), Via Anguillarese, 301 - Roma; Gentili, U.; Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA - Casaccia), Via Anguillarese, 301 - Roma; Mancini, F.; Dipartimento di Architettura e Urbanistica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona, 4 - Bari; Georgiadis, T.; Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET), CNR, Via Gobetti, 101 - Bologna; Nardini, M.; Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET), CNR, Via Gobetti, 101 - Bologna; Bonasoni, P.; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), CNR, Via Gobetti, 101 - Bologna; Vitale, V.; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), CNR, Via Gobetti, 101 - Bologna; Lupi, A.; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), CNR, Via Gobetti, 101 - Bologna; Cristofanelli, P.; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), CNR, Via Gobetti, 101 - Bologna; Snels, M.; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 - Roma; Cairo, F.; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 - Roma Abstract: Molto è noto delle particolarissime condizioni che rendono l'Antartide un laboratorio veramente speciale per tante discipline. Tuttavia, per le Scienze della Terra il continente antartico ha un doppio interesse. Oltre ad essere un luogo poco conosciuto dove avvengono processi straordinari ed unici per il nostro pianeta, esso occupa anche una posizione privilegiata per la registrazione di dati geofisici. Questi dati sono essenziali per la comprensione globale di molti processi fisici e ci aiutano dunque a capire come la Terra "funziona" nel suo insieme. L'Antartide è, quindi, un luogo di osservazione cruciale per la conoscenza del pianeta in cui viviamo. I processi geofisici presentano variazioni su lunghi periodi. Di conseguenza, la registrazione di lunghe e ininterrotte serie temporali è un impegno basilare per gli osservatori geofisici. Come noi traiamo vantaggio dalle registrazioni della declinazione del campo magnetico fatte dai marinai del XVIII secolo, dalle cronologie degli effetti dei terremoti trovate in archivi storici e dalle informazioni sul tempo e sulle temperature dell'aria scritte negli antichi almanacchi, così dobbiamo impegnarci per acquisire ed allo stesso tempo conservare le registrazioni strumentali secondo i migliori livelli consentiti dalla tecnologia odierna. Seguendo queste considerazioni, il programma antartico Italiano - in modo simile ai programmi di altre nazioni - si sta prodigando in uno sforzo continuo nel mantenimento e nel miglioramento degli osservatori geofisici permanenti. Forse alcune di queste attività non forniscono dati con forte impatto immediato, ma la loro vera importanza si evidenzierà certamente in futuro. Il funzionamento degli osservatori geofisici antartici è anche un obbligo verso le prossime generazioni, per metterle in condizione di comprendere quello che a noi sfugge ancora. 2008-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/3499 Title: Developing fiber lasers with Bragg reflectors as deep sea hydrophones Authors: Beverini, N.; Dipartimento di Fisica «E. Fermi», Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy; Falciai, R.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata «Nello Carrara» (IFAC), CNR, Firenze, Italy; Maccioni, E.; Dipartimento di Fisica «E. Fermi», Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy; Morganti, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica «E. Fermi», Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy; Sorrentino, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica «E. Fermi», Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy; Trono, C.; Dipartimento di Fisica «E. Fermi», Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy Abstract: The present paper will discuss the work in progress at the Department of Physics of the University of Pisa in collaboration with the IFAC laboratory of CNR in Florence to develop pressure sensors with outstanding sensitivity in the acoustic and ultrasonic ranges. These devices are based on optically-pumped fiber lasers, where the mirrors are Bragg gratings written into the fiber core. 2006-11-30T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1060 Title: A fleet of multiparameter observatories for geophysical and environmental monitoring at seafloor Authors: Favali, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Beranzoli, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; D'Anna, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; Gasparoni, F.; Tecnomare-ENI S.p.A., Venezia (Italy); Marvaldi, J.; IFREMER, Brest (France); Clauss, G.; Technische Universität Berlin (Germany); Gerber, H. W.; TFH Berlin – University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany; Nicot, M.; SERCEL-Underwater Acoustic Division (former ORCA Instrumentation), Brest (France); Marani, M. P.; Istituto di Scienze Marine-CNR, Sezione di Geologia Marina, Bologna (Italy); Gamberi, F.; Istituto di Scienze Marine-CNR, Sezione di Geologia Marina, Bologna (Italy); Millot, C.; Laboratoire d’Océanographie et de Biogéochimie-CNRS, Marseille (France); Flueh, E. R.; IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel (Germany) Abstract: Seafloor long-term, multiparameter, single-frame observatories have been developed within the framework of European Commission and Italian projects since 1995. A fleet of five seafloor observatories, built-up starting from 1995 within the framework of an effective synergy among research institutes and industries, have carried out a series of long-term sea experiments. The observatories are able to operate from shallow waters to deep sea, down to 4,000 m w.d., and to simultaneously monitor a broad spectrum of geophysical and environmental processes, including seismicity, geomagnetic field variations, water temperature, pressure, salinity, chemistry, currents, and gas occurrence. Moreover, they can transmit data in (near)-real-time that can be integrated with those of the on-land networks. The architecture of the seafloor observatories follows the criteria of modularity, interoperability and standardisation in terms of materials, components and communication protocols. This paper describes the technical features of the observatories, their experiments and data. 2006-03-19T23:00:00Z