http://hdl.handle.net/2122/167 2013-05-18T16:56:03Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8372 Title: Integrated Numerical Models in Coastal Areas: An Example of Their Application in the North Adriatic Sea Authors: Carniel, Sandro; Sclavo, Mauro; Tondello, Massimo; Ciavola, Paolo Editors: Oddo, P Abstract: Recent decades have witnessed considerable developments in the field of integrated numerical models used for simulating dynamic processes in coastal areas, that can now provide quantitative support to decision makers for questions such as erosion and coastal vulnerability. Improvements in various theoretical formulations and an on-going increase in computing power (alongside the growing availability of long-term observations and numerical output from meteorological and sea-state models) allow the implementation of high-resolution and long-term applications.However, the efficient use of these numerical tools is a function of their capacity to describe a variety of physical processes that are ‘integrated’ amongst themselves correctly. Indeed, from the air-sea interface to the turbulent mixing of water masses and the water-sediment interaction, integrated numerical modelling has to face a series of scientific and practical challenges still open. Examples include the non-linear interaction of waves and currents, the problem of turbulence, the modelling of resuspension and sediment-transport processes, the role of longperiod waves in generating beach and dune erosion. Dealing with these using numerical models is necessary for a variety of reasons, from protecting the coast to search-and-rescue activities and support for marine construction work of all types. 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8176 Title: A unified approach to the modelling of the Venice Lagoon–Adriatic Sea ecosystem Authors: Bergamasco, A.; CNR-ISMAR; Carniel, S.; CNR-ISMAR; Pastres, R.; Univ. of Venice; Pecenik, G.; Univ. of Venice Abstract: In this paper, a first attempt at analysing the macronutrients’ mass balance between the north Adriatic coastal sea and the lagoon of Venice by means of a nested and coupled model is presented. The hydrodynamic part of the model simulates the evolution of the sea-surface elevation and of the three-dimensional field of velocity, temperature, salinity and density. Tides, winds, river discharges, thermal and evaporative fluxes are included as forcings. Two models are nested in order to handle the correct spatial scales. The first one, with a resolution of about 10 km, is able to describe the basin and sub-basin scale hydrodynamical features; the second one, with a resolution of 1·2 km, describes the interactions between the open sea and the lagoon. This last circulation model has been coupled with a simple primary production submodel, in order to investigate the short-term dynamic of the ecosystem during spring time. Results show that, in some instances, the primary production can be sustained by macronutrients’ fluxes coming from the coastal area. 1997-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7157 Title: The structure of a hydrothermal system from an integrated geochemical, geophysical, and geological approach: The Ischia Island case study Authors: Di Napoli, R.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo; Martorana, R.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo; Orsi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Aiuppa, A.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo; Camarda, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; De Gregorio, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Gagliano Candela, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Luzio, D.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo; Messina, N.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo; Pecoraino, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Bitetto, M.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo; De Vita, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; Valenza, M.; Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo Abstract: The complexity of volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems is such that thorough characterization requires extensive and interdisciplinary work. We use here an integrated multidisciplinary approach, combining geological investigations with hydrogeochemical and soil degassing prospecting, and resistivity surveys, to provide a comprehensive characterization of the shallow structure of the southwestern Ischia's hydrothermal system. We show that the investigated area is characterized by a structural setting that, although very complex, can be schematized in three sectors, namely, the extra caldera sector (ECS), caldera floor sector (CFS), and resurgent caldera sector (RCS). This contrasted structural setting governs fluid circulation. Geochemical prospecting shows, in fact, that the caldera floor sector, a structural and topographic low, is the area where CO2-rich (>40 cm3/l) hydrothermally mature (log Mg/Na ratios < −3) waters, of prevalently meteoric origin (δ18O < −5.5‰), preferentially flow and accumulate. This pervasive hydrothermal circulation within the caldera floor sector, being also the source of significant CO2 soil degassing (>150 g m−2 d−1), is clearly captured by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys as a highly conductive (resistivity < 3 Ω·m) layer from depths of ~100 m, and therefore within the Mount Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) formation. Our observations indicate, instead, that less-thermalized fluids prevail in the extra caldera and resurgent caldera sectors, where highly conductive seawater-like (total dissolved solid, TDS > 10,000 mg/l) and poorly conductive meteoric-derived (TDS < 4,000 mg/l) waters are observed, respectively. We finally integrate our observations to build a general model for fluid circulation in the shallowest (<0.5 km) part of Ischia's hydrothermal system. 2011-06-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2591 Title: Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic: A Multi-Model-Ensemble Study Authors: Collins, M.; Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; Botzet, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany; Carril, A. F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Drange, H.; Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway; Jouzeau, A.; CERFACS, Toulouse, France; Latif, M.; Max-Planck-Institut für Meterologie, Hamburg, and Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, Kiel, Germany; Masina, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Otteraa, O. H.; Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway; Pohlmann, H.; Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Sorteberg, A.; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway; Sutton, R.; Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling, Reading, United Kingdom; Terray, L.; CERFACS, Toulouse, France Abstract: Ensemble experiments are performed with five coupled atmosphere–ocean models to investigate the potential for initial-value climate forecasts on interannual to decadal time scales. Experiments are started from similar model-generated initial states, and common diagnostics of predictability are used. We find that variations in the ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, a more consistent picture of the surface temperature impact of decadal variations in the MOC is now apparent, and variations of surface air temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean are also potentially predictable on interannual to decadal time scales, albeit with potential skill levels that are less than those seen for MOC variations. This intercomparison represents a step forward in assessing the robustness of model estimates of potential skill and is a prerequisite for the development of any operational forecasting system. 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2557 Title: Mediterranean ocean Forecasting System: Toward Environmental Predictions-MFSTEP Executive Summary Authors: Pinardi, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; Coppini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; MFSTEP Partners; MFSTEP Abstract: Objectives: The Project aims at the further development of an operational forecasting system for the Mediterranean Sea based upon three main components: a) a Real Time-RT Observing system; b) a numerical forecasting system at the basin scale and for the sub-regional/shelf areas; c) the forecast products dissemination/exploitation system. The Observing system component consists of: • a SOOP-VOS system with RT data dissemination and test of new sensors that collect multidisciplinary data; • a moored buoy network (M3A) designed to serve the RT validation of the basin scale models and the calibration of the ecosystem models; • a satellite RT data analysis system using several satellites for sea surface elevation, sea surface temperature and sea surface winds; • a high space-time resolution network of autonomous subsurface profiling floats (Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography-ARGO); • a basin scale glider autonomous vehicle experiment; The sampling strategy is continuously assessed by the Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) activities and a RT data management and delayed mode archiving system has been organized. 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2477 Title: Flow changes and geochemical anomalies in warm and cold springs associated with the 1992-1994 seismic sequence at Pollina, central Sicily, Italy Authors: Favara, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Grassa, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Madonia, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Valenza, M.; Dipartimento CFTA-University of Palermo, Abstract: During a three-years discontinuous geochemical monitoring of some warm springs and cold discharges located in central-northern Sicily, some hydro-geochemical changes were observed. Excluding a possible related to a moderate seismic activity were accidentally identified. The observed anomalies showed amplitudes that were modulated by the different geometries and volumes of the feeding aquifers. A poroelastic aquifer contraction, a shaking-induced dilatancy theory as well as seismogenetic-induced changes in the properties of the aquifers have been proposed as possible mechanisms for the water flow and hydro-geochemical changes. These preliminary results could be used to design a monitoring network aimed at surveilling the seismic activity of the studied area from a geochemical standpoint. 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1326 Title: Flood forecasting in the Tiber catchment area: a methodological analysis Authors: Calenda, G.; Università di <<Roma Tre>>, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ingegneria Civile, Roma, Italy; Casaioli, M.; CNR, Istituto di Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Roma, Italy; Cosentino, C.; Università di <<Roma Tre>>, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ingegneria Civile, Roma, Italy; Mantovani, R.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Bologna, Italy; Speranza, A.; Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Camerino, Italy Abstract: The most difficult step in hydrological forecasting is precipitation forecast, since rain is the most irregular and least predictable meteorological field. Numerical meteorological models are the main tool to forecast the precipitation field over river basins where floods may be expected. Object of this paper is a preliminary analysis of the appropriate methodological approach to flood forecasting in the Tiber River basin. An assessment of the flood forecasting skill of a meteorological limited area model, coupled with a lumped rainfall-runoff model, is performed. The main indications which seem to arise are that integral precipitation over the catchment area is adequately forecast in its time-evolution, but the total rainfall shows a systematic deficit with respect to observations. 2000-09-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2122/922 Title: The role of the high resolution weather forecast in estimating the run-offusing a simple hydrological model Authors: Ferretti, R.; Dipartimento di Fisica, CETEMPS, Università dell Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy; Paolucci, T.; Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico d 'Abruzzo, Università dell 'Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy; Bernardini, L.; Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico d 'Abruzzo, Università dell 'Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy; Visconti, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, CETEMPS, Università dell Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy Abstract: Recent and repeated episodes of severe weather in Italy have stressed the need to have a suffi ciently accurate forecast to give adequate warning to the involved areas. The impact of the precipitation, however, is also a function of the characteristics of the hydrological basin. From this point of view, a rather startling example is the disaster which hit the Campania region on 5th May, 1998 in which a moderate precipitation (about 100 mm in 24 h) produced a huge landslide which killed or injured several tens of people and produced serious damage to the area. Such localized events require among other things the use of a high resolution weather forecast. In this paper, a forecast of the Campania event using a limited area model at 3 km grid resolution is presented. The forecast rainfall at several grid resolution is used to initialize a simple hydrological model to estimate the run-off. The numerical experiments suggest that high resolution may be a key factor in predicting the run-off. 2002-12-31T23:00:00Z