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Sannino, G.
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- PublicationRestrictedFuture projections of the surface heat and water budgets of the Mediterranean Sea in an ensemble of coupled atmosphere–ocean regional climate models(2012)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Dubois, C.; CNRM-GAME ;Somot, S.; CNRM-GAME ;Calmanti, S.; ENEA ;Carrillo, A.; ENEA ;Deque, M.; CNRM-GAME ;Dell'aquila, A.; ENEA ;Elizade, A.; MPI ;Gualdi, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Jacob, D.; MPI ;L’He ́ve ́der, B.; Laboratoire de Me ́te ́orologie Dynamique, Paris, France ;Li, L.; Laboratoire de Me ́te ́orologie Dynamique, Paris, France ;Sannino, G.; ENEA ;Scoccimarro, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Sevault, F.; CNR-GAME; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Within the CIRCE project ‘‘Climate change and Impact Research: the Mediterranean Environment’’, an ensemble of high resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean regional climate models (AORCMs) are used to simulate the Mediterranean climate for the period 1950–2050. For the first time, realistic net surface air-sea fluxes are obtained. The sea surface temperature (SST) variability is consistent with the atmospheric forcing above it and oce- anic constraints. The surface fluxes respond to external forcing under a warming climate and show an equivalent trend in all models. This study focuses on the present day and on the evolution of the heat and water budget over the Mediterranean Sea under the SRES-A1B scenario. On the contrary to previous studies, the net total heat budget is negative over the present period in all AORCMs and sat- isfies the heat closure budget controlled by a net positive heat gain at the strait of Gibraltar in the present climate. Under climate change scenario, some models predict a warming of the Mediterranean Sea from the ocean surface (positive net heat flux) in addition to the positive flux at the strait of Gibraltar for the 2021–2050 period. The shortwave and latent flux are increasing and the longwave and sen- sible fluxes are decreasing compared to the 1961–1990 period due to a reduction of the cloud cover and an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) and SSTs over the 2021–2050 period. The AORCMs provide a good estimates of the water budget with a drying of the region during the twenty- first century. For the ensemble mean, he decrease in pre- cipitation and runoff is about 10 and 15% respectively and the increase in evaporation is much weaker, about 2% compared to the 1961–1990 period which confirm results obtained in recent studies. Despite a clear consistency in the trends and results between the models, this study also underlines important differences in the model set-ups, methodology and choices of some physical parameters inducing some difference in the various air-sea fluxes. An evaluation of the uncertainty sources and possible improvement for future generation of AORCMs highlights the importance of the parameterisation of the ocean albedo, rivers and cloud cover.199 28 - PublicationRestrictedTidal notches, coastal landforms and relative sea-level changes during the Late Quaternary at Ustica Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)(2017)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; In this paper we present and discuss data concerning the morphostructural evolution at Ustica Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) during Late Quaternary. New insights on the relative sea-level changes of Ustica are coming from data collected during a geomorphological field survey around the island, together with the bathymetric analysis of the surrounding seabed and 14C datings on samples of speleothems, flowstones and marine shells found inside three selected sea caves. The survey was mainly accomplished on June 2015 through the first complete snorkel investigation off the about 18 km-long volcanic coast of the island, which allowed to precisely define location, relationship and morphometric features of coastal landforms associated with modern sea level. This study highlights the occurrence, for the first time in the Mediterranean, of tidal notches in correspondence of carbonate inclusions in volcanic rocks. The elevation of the modern tidal notch suggests that no significant vertical deformations occurred in the southeastern and eastern sectors of Ustica in the last 100 years. However, the presence of pillow lavas along the coast demonstrates that Ustica was affected by a regional uplift since the Late Quaternary, as also confirmed by MIS5.5 deposits located at about 30 m a.s.l., which suggests an average uplift rate of 0.23 mm/y. Radiocarbon dating of fossil barnacles collected inside the Grotta Segreta cave indicate an age of 1823 ± 104 cal. BP. The difference in height with respect to living barnacles in the same site suggests that their present elevation could be related to stick-slip coseismic deformations caused by the four earthquake sequences (two of which with Mw = 4.63 ± 0.46) that strongly struck the island between 1906 and 1924.455 17 - PublicationOpen AccessThe CIRCE simulations: Regional Climate Change Projections with Realistic Representation of the Mediterranean Sea(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Gualdi, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Somot, L.; CNRM-GAME ;Li, L.; CNRS-LMD ;Artale, V.; ENEA ;Adani, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Bellucci, A.; CMCC ;Braun, A.; CNRM-GAME ;Calmanti, S.; ENEA ;Carillo, A.; ENEA ;Dell'Aquila, A.; ENEA ;Deque, M.; CNRM-GAME ;Dubois, C.; CNRM-GAME ;Elizade, A.; MPI ;Harzallah, A.; INSTM ;Jacob, D.; MPI ;L'Hévéder, D.; CNRS-LMD ;May, W.; DMI ;Oddo, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Ruti, P.; ENEA ;Sanna, A.; CMCC ;Sannino, G.; ENEA ;Scoccimarro, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Savault, F.; CNRM-GAME ;Navarra, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In this article we describe an innovative multi-model system developed within the CIRCE EU-FP6 Project and used to produce simulations of the Mediterranean Sea regional climate. The models include high-resolution Mediterranean Sea components, which allow to assess the role of the basin, and in particular of the air-sea feedbacks in the climate of the region. The models have been integrated from 1951 to 2050, using observed radiative forcings during the first half of the simulation period and the IPCC SRES A1B scenario during the second half. The projections show a substantial warming (about 1.5°-2°C) and a significant decrease of precipitation (about 5%) in the region for the scenario period. However, locally the changes might be even larger. In the same period, the projected surface net heat loss decreases, leading to a weaker cooling of the Mediterranean Sea by the atmosphere, whereas the water budget appears to increase, leading the basin to loose more water through its surface than in the past. These results are overall consistent with the findings of previous scenario simulations, such as PRUDENCE, ENSEMBLES and CMIP3. The agreement suggests that these findings are robust to substantial changes in the configuration of the models used to make the simulations. Finally, the models produce a 2021-2050 mean steric sea-level rise that ranges between +7 cm and +12 cm, with respect to the period of reference.264 565 - PublicationRestrictedTidal notches in Mediterranean Sea: a comprehensive analysis(2015)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Antonioli, F.; ENEA ;Lo Presti, V.; ENEA ;Rovere, A.; MARUM, University of Bremen & ZMT, Tropical Marine Ecology Center, Bremen, Germany ;Ferranti, L.; Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, “Federico II” University, Napoli, Italy ;Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Furlani, S.; Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Italy ;Mastronuzzi, G.; Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, “Aldo Moro” University, Bari, Italy ;Orrù, P.; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy ;Scicchitano, G.; Department of Phisics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Italy ;Sannino, G.; ENEA ;Spampinato, C.; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy ;Pagliarulo, R.; CNR, IRPI, Bari, Italy ;Deiana, G.; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy ;De Sabata, E.; MedSharks, Roma, Italy ;Sansò, P.; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy ;Vacchi, M.; Aix-Marseille Universit e, CEREGE CNRS-IRD UMR 34, Europole de l'Arbois Aix-en-Provence, France ;Vecchio, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; Recent works (Evelpidou et al., 2012) suggest that the modern tidal notch is disappearing worldwide due sea level rise over the last century. In order to assess this hypothesis, we measured modern tidal notches in several of sites along the Mediterranean coasts. We report observations on tidal notches cut along carbonate coasts from 73 sites from Italy, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, Malta and Spain, plus additional observations carried outside the Mediterranean. At each site, we measured notch width and depth, and we described the characteristics of the biological rim at the base of the notch. We correlated these parameters with wave energy, tide gauge datasets and rock lithology. Our results suggest that, considering ‘the development of tidal notches the consequence of midlittoral bioerosion’ (as done in Evelpidou et al., 2012) is a simplification that can lead to misleading results, such as stating that notches are disappearing. Important roles in notch formation can be also played by wave action, rate of karst dissolution, salt weathering and wetting and drying cycles. Of course notch formation can be augmented and favoured also by bioerosion which can, in particular cases, be the main process of notch formation and development. Our dataset shows that notches are carved by an ensemble rather than by a single process, both today and in the past, and that it is difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle them and establish which one is prevailing. We therefore show that tidal notches are still forming, challenging the hypothesis that sea level rise has drowned them.339 84