Options
Caramanna, Giorgio
Loading...
Preferred name
Caramanna, Giorgio
7 results
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
- PublicationRestrictedLow-pH waters discharging from submarine vents at Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) after the 2002 gas blast: origin of hydrothermal fluids and implications for volcanic surveillance(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Tassi, F.; Dept. of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Florence, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy ;Capaccioni, B.; Dept. of Earth and Geological-Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Bologna, P.zza di Porta S. Donato, 40127 Bologna, Italy ;Caramanna, G.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', P.le Aldo Moro,5 - 00185 Rome, Italy ;Cinti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montegrossi, G.; CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy ;Pizzino, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Vaselli, O.; Dept. of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Florence, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; A geochemical survey of thermal waters collected from submarine vents at Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) was carried out from December 2002 to March 2007, in order to investigate i) the geochemical processes controlling the chemical composition of the hydrothermal fluids and ii) the possible relations between the chemical features of the hydrothermal reservoir and the activity of the magmatic system. Compositional data of the thermal water samples were integrated in a hydrological conceptual model, which describes the formation of the vent fluid by mixing of seawater, seawater concentrated by boiling, and a deep, highly-saline end-member, whose composition is regulated by water-rock interactions at relatively high temperature and shows clear clues of magmatic-related inputs. The chemical composition of concentrated seawater was assumed to be represented by that of the water sample having the highest Mg content. The composition of the deep end-member was instead calculated by extrapolation assuming a zero-Mg end-member. The Na–K–Ca geothermometer, when applied to the thermal end-member composition, indicated an equilibrium temperature of approximately 300 °C, a temperature in agreement with the results obtained by gas-geothermometry.289 15 - PublicationRestrictedIs Panarea Island (Italy) a valid and cost-effective natural laboratory for the development of detection and monitoring techniques for submarine CO2 seepage?(2011)
; ; ; ;Caramanna, G.; University of Nottingham, UK ;Voltattorni, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Maroto-Valer, M. M.; University of Nottingham, UK; ; Developing reliable detection and monitoring techniques for underwater CO2 seepage and its effects on the marine environment is important for a wide range of topics; for example: volcanic surveillance, risk assessment of potential leakages from sub-seabed CO2 storage sites, and to forecast the effects of ocean acidification. A novel approach is to use areas where natural release of CO2 is present as ‘field-laboratories’ for validation of CO2 monitoring techniques and procedures. One such area was identified close to the volcanic island of Panarea (Italy). Here, CO2 seeps from the seafloor in shallow water allowing scuba divers to collect the needed data. Moreover, the coastal setting allows use of small boats for the marine operations, thus strongly reducing the costs. The applied study techniques examined are mainly sampling methods for free and dissolved gases, direct measurement of the CO2 fluxes, pH measurement along the water column, and verification of the impact of CO2 on the local environment. From these first results, the submarine degassing area of Panarea can be realistically considered a natural laboratory where it is possible to test and validate detection methods for the prompt identification of potential seepage from sub-seabed CO2 storage areas. The particularly favorable environment permits the use of simplified logistics, thus reducing the costs of the research to almost negligible values if compared with any high-seas operation.248 29 - PublicationOpen AccessPanarea natural-lab: eight years of underwater research(2010-11-02)
; ; ; ; ; ;Caramanna, Giorgio; NationalCentre for Carbon Capture and Storage (NCCCS) –The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom ;Voltattorni, Nunzia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;de Vittor, Cinzia; IstitutoNazionalediOceanografiae GeofisicaSperimentale(OGS), BorgoGrottaGigante, 42/c –34010 –Sgonico(TS) –Italy ;Conte, Aida Maria; C.N.R.-I.G.G.-U.O.S. of Rome, c/o Department of Earth Sciences ;Maroto-Valer, Mercedes; NationalCentre for Carbon Capture and Storage (NCCCS) –The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; ; ; ; The volcanic island of Panarea is characterized by the presence of continuous emission of volcanic gases from the seafloor. In November 2002 the system increased its flow of some order of magnitude and since then a steady release of gas is present generating bubble plumes that, in the shallowest points, reach the sea surface. Due to the environmental conditions, the area close to the shore and shallow water can be utilized as a “natural lab” to study the effect of high levels of CO2on the marine realm by surface techniques and directly by means of SCUBA diving. Since 2002, over one hundred hours of diving have been utilized to collect samples of fluids and sediments and to study the biota. After a first phase of volcanic surveillance, the island is more recently studied as a “natural analogue” for the development of reliable monitoring techniques for potential seepage from sub-seabed carbon storage sites. Hereby we present a synthesis of eight years of research in the area.156 208 - PublicationRestrictedStudy of natural CO2 emissions in different italian geological scenarios(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Voltattorni, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Caramanna, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Cinti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Galli, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pizzino, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lombardi, S. ;Altunina, L. K.Beaubien, S. E.Natural gas emissions represent extremely attractive surrogates for the study of CO2 effects both on the environment and human life. Three Italian case histories demonstrate the possible co-existence of CO2 natural emissions and people since roman time. The Solfatara crater (Phlegraean fields caldera, Southern Italy) is an ancient roman spa. The area is characterized by intense and diffusive fumarolic and hydrothermal activity. Soil gas flux measurements show that the whole area discharges between 1200 and 1500 tons of CO2 a day. In proximity of Panarea island (Aeolian islands, Southern Italy), on November, 2002 a huge submarine volcanic-hydrothermal gas burst was advised. The submarine gas emissions locally modified seawater pH (from 8.0 to 5.0) and Eh (from +80 mV to -200 mV), causing strong modification in the marine ecosystem. Collected data suggest an intriguing correlation between the gas/water vent location/evolution and the main local and regional fault. CO2 degassing characterizes also the Telese area (Southern Italy), one of the most seismically active segments of the Southern Apennine belt with the occurrence of five large destructive earthquakes in the last 500 years. Geochemical surveys in this area, reveal the presence of high CO2 content in ground-water. Carbon isotopic analysis of CO2 revealed its deep origin probably caused by the presence of a cooling magmatic intrusion inside the carbonatic basement. All the above mentioned areas are constantly monitored since they are densely populated. Although natural phenomena are not always predictable, nevertheless local people learnt to manage and, in some case, to exploit these phenomena, suggesting a big human adaptability also in extreme situations.178 29 - PublicationRestrictedAnomalous gas emission offshore from Panarea Island (Aeolian Arc, Italy)(2003-07-14)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Carapezza, M.L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Caramanna, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Piccione, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Barberi, F. ;Cioni, R. ;Guidi, M. ;Lelli, M.; ; ; ; ; ; ;Panarea Island is located in the eastern sector of the Aeolian arc at only 20 km from the active volcano of Stromboli. Its recentmost volcanic products date back to about 50 ka but a probable submarine eruption occurred there in 126 B.C. Near to volcanic islets 3 km E of Panarea, on 3 November 2002 an impressive submarine gas emission began from several points at a depth 8-20 m. The strongest gas emission, with jet velocity of 1 m/s, occurred from a small depression, possibly produced by a weak submarine phreatic explosion. Most of the gas was emitted from NE-SW trending fissures, whose direction matches with the main tectonic lineament of the Panarea- Stromboli sector. Only a very weak local seismicity was recorded. Gas was sampled and the physico-chemical characteristics of the seawater (T, pH, Eh, dissolved O2,) were measured in two campaigns carried out in November and in December. Gas mostly consists of CO2 (95-98.2 vol % ) and H2S (0.7-2%). Compared with previous chemical data on the submarine fumaroles of the same area, the 2002 emission is characterized by a marked increase of H2 and a decrease of the CH4/CO ratio. These data indicate the presence of high-temperature components with a likely magmatic provenance raised from a pressurized system through newly opened fractures. The sea water was chemically modified over a wide area, as indicated by the low pH and Eh values. In the first months of 2003 the gas emission started to decline, but it was still clearly visible four months after its beginning. This phenomenon recalled the attention on the volcanic hazard related to a possible submarine eruption near Panarea, where over 10,000 people live in the tourist season.181 27 - PublicationRestrictedGas geochemistry of natural analogues for the studies of geological CO2 sequestration(2009-05-03)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Voltattorni, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Sciarra, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Caramanna, G.; University of Rome "La Sapienza" ;Cinti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pizzino, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; Geological sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 appears to be a promising method for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere. Geochemical modelling of the storage capacity for CO2 in saline aquifers, sandstones and/or carbonates should be based on natural analogues both in situ and in the laboratory. The main focus of this paper has been to study natural gas emissions representing extremely attractive surrogates for the study and prediction of the possible consequences of leakage from geological sequestration sites of anthropogenic CO2 (i.e., the return to surface, potentially causing localised environmental problems). These include a comparison among 3 different Italian case histories: i) the Solfatara crater (Phlegraean Fields caldera, southern Italy) is an ancient Roman spa. The area is characterized by intense and diffuse hydrothermal activity, testified by hot acidic mud pools, thermal springs and a large fumarolic field.. Soil gas flux measurements show that the entire area discharges between 1200 and 1500 tons of CO2 a day; ii) the Panarea island (Aeolian islands, southern Italy) where a huge submarine volcanic-hydrothermal gas burst occurred in November, 2002. The submarine gas emissions chemically modified seawater causing a strong modification of the marine ecosystem. All of the collected gases are CO2-dominant (maximum value: 98.43 vol. %); iii) the Tor Caldara area (Central Italy), located in a peripheral sector of the quiescent Alban Hills volcano, along the faults of the Ardea Basin transfer structure. The area is characterized by huge CO2 degassing both from water and soil. Although the above mentioned areas do not represent a storage scenario, these sites do provide many opportunities to study near-surface processes and to test monitoring methodologies.379 33 - PublicationRestrictedGeochemistry of the submarine gaseous emissions of Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy): magmatic vs. hydrothermal origin and implications for volcanic surveillance(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Chiodini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Caliro, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Caramanna, G.; 0 ;Granieri, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Minopoli, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Moretti, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Perrotta, L.; 0 ;Ventura, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; Abstract—The marine sector surrounding Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, South Italy) is affected by widespread submarine emissions of CO2 -rich gases and thermal water discharges which have been known since the Roman Age. On November 3rd, 2002 an anomalous degassing event affected the area, probably in response to a submarine explosion. The concentrations of minor reactive gases (CO, CH4 and H2) of samples collected in November and December, 2002 show drastic compositional changes when compared to previous samples collected from the same area in the 1980s. In particular the samples collected after the November 3rd phenomenon display relative increases in H2 and CO and a strong decrease in the CH4 contents, while other gas species show no significant change. The interaction of the original gas with seawater explains the variable contents of CO2, H2S, N2, Ar and He which characterize the different samples, but cannot explain the large variations of CO, CH4 and H2 which are instead compatible with changes in the redox, temperature and pressure conditions of the system. Two models, both implying an increasing input of magmatic fluids are compatible with the observed variations of minor reactive species. In the first one, the input of magmatic fluids drives the hydrothermal system towards atypical (more oxidizing) redox conditions, slowly pressurizing the system up to a critical state. In the second one, the hydrothermal system is flashed by the rising high-T volcanic fluid, suddenly released by a magmatic body at depth. The two models have different implications for volcanic surveillance and risk assessment: In the first case, the November 3rd event may represent both the culmination of a relatively slow process which caused the overpressurization of the hydrothermal system and the beginning of a new phase of quiescence. The possible evolution of the second model is unforeseeable because it is mainly related to the thermal, baric and compositional state of the deep magmatic system that is poorly known.187 37