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Cifani, G.
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- PublicationRestricted2700 years of Mediterranean environmental change in central Italy: a synthesis of sedimentary and cultural records to interpret past impacts of climate on society(2015-03-23)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Mesing, S. A. ;Tunno, I.; Univ. degli Studi della Tuscia (Italia) ;Sagnotti, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Noble, P.; Univ. Nevada (USA) ;Archer, C.; Univ. Nevada (USA) ;Zimmerman, S.; Lawrence Livermore N. Lab. (USA) ;Pavón-Carrasco, F. J.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Cifani, G.; Univ. Tor Vergata (Italia) ;Passigli, S.; Univ. Tor Vergata (Italia) ;Piovesan, G.; Univ. degli Studi della Tuscia (Italia) ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Abrupt climate change in the past is thought to have disrupted societies by accelerating environmental degradation, potentially leading to cultural collapse. Linking climate change directly to societal disruption is challenging because socioeconomic factors also play a large role, with climate being secondary or sometimes inconsequential. Combining paleolimnologic, historical, and archaeological methods provides for a more secure basis for interpreting the past impacts of climate on society. We present pollen, nonpollen palynomorph, geochemical, paleomagnetic and sedimentary data from a high-resolution 2700 yr lake sediment core from central Italy and compare these data with local historical documents and archeological surveys to reconstruct a record of environmental change in relation to socioeconomic history and climatic fluctuations. Here we document cases in which environmental change is strongly linked to changes in local land management practices in the absence of clear climatic change, as well as examples when climate change appears to have been a strong catalyst that resulted in significant environmental change that impacted local communities. During the Imperial Roman period, despite a long period of stable, mild climate, and a large urban population in nearby Rome, our site shows only limited evidence for environmental degradation. Warm and mild climate during the Medieval Warm period, on the other hand, led to widespread deforestation and erosion. The ability of the Romans to utilize imported resources through an extensive trade network may have allowed for preservation of the environment near the Roman capital, whereas during medieval time, the need to rely on local resources led to environmental degradation. Cool wet climate during the Little Ice Age led to a breakdown in local land use practices, widespread land abandonment and rapid reforestation. Our results present a highresolution regional case study that explores the effect of climate change on society for an underdocumented region of Europe.566 220 - PublicationOpen AccessSisma Molise 2002: pericolosità sismica e variazione dei costi di intervento per gli edifici danneggiati nella provincia di Campobasso(2007-06-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Cifani, G.; CNR, ITC, L'Aquila ;Di Capua, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia ;Lemme, A.; Regione Molise, Struttura del Commissario Delegato per la Ricostruzione in Molise, Campobasso ;Miozzi, C.; Regione Molise, Struttura del Commissario Delegato per la Ricostruzione in Molise, Campobasso ;Peppoloni, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Podestà, S.; Università di Genova, DICAT, Genova; ; ; ; ; The goal of our research has been to estimate the economic impact of the seismic hazard studies on the reconstruction phase after the 2002 Molise earthquake. The study has been carried out adopting the vulnerability model, connected to the GNDT II level form, on a sample of existing masonry buildings of Campobasso province. A procedure has been provided to recover the necessary parameters for the vulnerability evaluation, using the AeDES 05/2000 forms, which are the basic support for the safety assessment in the post-earthquake phases. Assuming a set of structural seismic upgrading intervantions, a correlation between the cost of ret-rofitting interventions and different limit state has been evaluated, taking into account the litologi-cal site characteristics, according to the recent studies of seismic microzonation of the earthquake epicentral area. The results show a substantial difference of the seismic upgrading costs, varying the hazard (PGA) and the litological site characteristics, particularly in the 1st and 2nd Zones of the Italian Seismic Classification (OPCM 3519/06). These considerations put in evidence once again the necessity to invest important economic re-sources in the building national heritage knowledge and in the seismic microzonation of the urban areas; only in this way an effective preventive planning of risk reduction can be perfomed.154 302 - PublicationOpen AccessSisma Molise 2002: il percorso della ricostruzione(2007-06-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Di Grezia, V.; Regione Molise, Struttura del Commissario delegato per la Ricostruzione Post-Sisma 2002, Campobasso ;Baranello, S.; Regione Molise, Struttura del Commissario delegato per la Ricostruzione Post-Sisma 2002, Campobasso ;Lemme, A.; Regione Molise, Struttura del Commissario delegato per la Ricostruzione Post-Sisma 2002, Campobasso ;Pasquale, C.; Regione Molise, Struttura del Commissario delegato per la Ricostruzione Post-Sisma 2002, Campobasso ;Dolce, M.; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Ufficio Valutazione, prevenzione e mitigazione del rischio sismico e attività ed opere post-emergenza, Roma ;Di Pasquale, G.; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Ufficio Valutazione, prevenzione e mitigazione del rischio sismico e attività ed opere post-emergenza, Roma ;Pizza, A. G.; Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Ufficio Valutazione, prevenzione e mitigazione del rischio sismico e attività ed opere post-emergenza, Roma ;Eva, C.; Università di Genova, DIPTERIS, Genova ;Lagomarsino, S.; Università di Genova, DICAT, Genova ;Podestà, S.; Università di Genova, DICAT, Genova ;Di Capua, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia ;Peppoloni, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Cifani, G.; CNR, ITC, L'Aquila ;Martinelli, A.; CNR, ITC, L'Aquila; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The job illustrates the activities, the normative and procedural dispositions of the reconstruction in Molise that has been on its way after the 2002 earthquake. The individualized run has been characterized by numerous technical innovations, consequent to the emanation of the new seismic code (OPCM n. 3274/2003). The President of the Region, Delegated Commissioner for the reconstruction after-earthquake 2002, has programmed and coordinated all the activities, using structures of consultation, of address and of technical support. Particularly, the Scientific Technical Committee (CTS) has taken care of the containing directives, the criterions and the general norms for the trial of the reconstruction, emanate through the Ordinance of the Delegated Commissioner n. 13/2003. The Committee for the Microzonation (CMS) has predisposed indications and guidelines, while the CNR Institute for the Technologies of the Construction, in collaboration with the University of Basilicata and Dicat-University of Genoa, has up the guidelines for the investigations of vulnerability and for the interventions on the scholastic buildings, on the churches and on the monumental buildings. Finally, the Delegated Commissioner has ordered that the Local Corporate Bodies were made themselves responsible for the reconstruction realization. In the Campobasso province , with exception of the S.Giuliano diPuglia common, have been compiled about 16.200 preliminary projects (PPS). It is esteemed a general economic requirement of about 1.800 million of Euros for the residential buildings and of about 900 million of Euros for the public works. The reconstruction is in advanced realization and involves the buildings affected by an evacuation measure (Priority A).207 766 - PublicationOpen AccessEFFECTS OF HUMAN IMPACTS AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS ON FOREST: THE RIETI BASIN SINCE MEDIEVAL TIME(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Mensing, S.; Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA ;Tunno, I.; DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy ;Cifani, G.; DSFBT, Unversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Noble, P.; Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA ;Sagnotti, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Piovesan, G.; DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; a number of recent paleoenvironmental studies have argued that abrupt changes in climate have been the primary cause for societal collapse. Many social scientists, including anthropologists and environmental historians, reject environmental explanations as deterministic and overly simplistic. they argue that socio-political decisions contribute to environmental change and that efforts to study societal vulnerability within a human-environment system must include analysis of complex social structures. there is a gap in our understanding of how past societies responded to climate change because there are very few interdisciplinary studies that integrate both physical and behavioral sciences in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. While there is a general sense that modern societies are more insulated than pre-industrial societies from the effects of climate change, this may not prove to be true. a more complete understanding of how both natural and human-caused changes have affected the environment in the past can potentially guide decisions aimed at promoting future sustainability. here we present a project funded by the united states National science foundation that will explicitly integrate paleoenvironmental reconstruction with socioeconomic history in a local context to identify linkages between social and environmental change associated with climate variability.240 114