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Marra, Fabrizio
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Marra, Fabrizio
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fabrizio.marra@ingv.it
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- PublicationOpen AccessMIS 13 and MIS 11 aggradational successions of the Paleo-Tiber delta: Geochronological constraints to sea-level fluctuations and to the Acheulean sites of Castel di Guido and Malagrotta (Rome, Italy)The Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) were never securely dated before. We have now 49 Ar/39Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates which support corrrelations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. The analysis and comparisons of the two assemblages and comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido show a culturally transmitted pattern of technology that was shared by the craftsmen of the region.
47 25 - PublicationOpen AccessAnomalous Last Interglacial Tyrrhenian sea levels and Neanderthal settling at Guattari and Moscerini caves (central Italy)(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; We present a geological-stratigraphical study aimed to provide chronologic constraints to the sea-level markers occurring at two coastal caves of central Italy (Grotta Guattari and Grotta dei Moscerini) and to the Neanderthal frequentation of these caves, in the light of recent archaeological and geomorphological-geochronological studies suggesting similar sea levels during MIS 5.5 and MIS 5.3, and only few m below the Present during MIS 5.1 in this region. Based on the review of previous literature data, combined with new stratigraphic observations at Grotta Guattari and re-analysis of archive material including unpublished field notes from Grotta dei Moscerini, we reconstruct a plausible sea-level history accounting for the lithological and paleoenvironmental features of their sedimentary fillings. In particular, we outline the abundant occurrence of well-rounded pumice clasts within the sedimentary deposits of Moscerini Cave, attesting for the proximity to the beach where this pumice was gathered by wave action. Through the petrographic and geochemical analysis of this pumice we evidence provenance from Phlegraean Fields and Ischia Island volcanic districts, framing their chronology in the time span 118-40 ka, consistent with literature ESR-U/Th dates providing ages ranging 101 ± 5-74 ± 7 ka for the sedimentary filling of both Moscerini and Guattari caves.93 21 - PublicationRestrictedThe subsurface geology of Rome, Italy. Relationships among sedimentary processes, sea-level changes and astronomical forcing(2014-05-10)
; ; ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; In this paper we present a reconstruction of the stratigraphic setting of the continental sedimentary sequences that were deposited by the Paleo-Tiber River within the greater area of Rome between 0.9 and 0.6 Ma, carried out through analyses of a large number of borehole data. Through palinspastic restoration of several cross sections we depict the original geometry of the sedimentary record that has been dislocated by intense tectonic activity linked to volcanism, and we reconstruct the geologic and paleogeographic evolution of this area. Moreover, we provide a complete review of the chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data reported in previous work, and we extend paleomagnetic analyses to three new clay sections. These geochronological constraints allow us to compare aggradation of the Paleo-Tiber sedimentary successions with the δ18O record, evidencing a strict link between sedimentation and sea-level changes in the Rome area. By doing so, we provide a direct test on the timing of the sea-level rise forMIS 19 throughMIS 15: a record of data forwhich no equivalent exists in the literature.229 73 - PublicationRestrictedLooking into a volcanic area: An overview on the 350 m scientific drilling at Colli(2008-09)
; ; ; ; ; ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pizzino, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; A 350m deep boreholewas drilled in the Colli Albani volcanic district (Central Italy) in order to: understand the shallow crust structure beneath the volcanic complex; characterize the rock physical properties especially through in-situ measurements and, afterward, laboratory experiments; assess the local present-day stress field; install a broad-band seismometer at depth. The borehole is located adjacent to the western rim of the Tuscolano–Artemisio caldera, where several phenomena of unrest recently occurred. In 1989–90 a seismic swarm affected this area and a related uplift was recognized. In addition, high gas concentrations (mainly CO2 and H2S), in aquifers and soils, caused illnesses and casualties among inhabitants and animals in the past. We describe the investigations carried out at the drill site and the results achieved from data analysis.Wire-line drilling produced a complete stratigraphic record of the Quaternary volcanic units down to the Plio–Pleistocene sedimentary sequence and geophysical logs allowed a characterization of the rock physical properties. From a tectonic point of view, data provided by Dipmeter and Borehole Televiewer were used for investigations on the recent and present-day stress field and the results are compared to those available in the literature. In the volcanic units we recognized two main fracture systems, SW and NW dipping. Several faults intersecting the borehole showplaneswith oblique striae, indicating a prevalent strike–slip component of the movement. Finally, borehole breakout analysis defined an active stress field with a ∼E–Woriented minimum horizontal component. At the end of the drilling, a blow-out occurred, due to pressurized fluids trapped into the sandy unit drilled in the last fewmeters of the hole. Sampling these fluids gave an additional value to the borehole, providing information about the deep volcanic circulation and its possible connection to a deep-seated magma chamber. The main results show water with a Na–HCO3 chemistry and the highest salinity ever recognised in the area (Electrical Conductivity=10.12 mS/cm). Stable O and H isotopes reveal ameteoric origin ofwater and the absence of tritium points out a long residence time in the aquifer. Emitted gas is CO2-dominated, with N2 as second most important component. Helium isotopic composition of the gas allows us to estimate a magmatic component ranging in the interval 40–50%, one of the highest in the Colli Albani. Carbon isotopes of CO2 (−0.53‰ vs. PDB) suggest that it could derive partly froma magmatic source and partly by the thermal decarbonation of the carbonatic basement.359 68 - PublicationOpen AccessChronostratigraphic study of the Grottaperfetta alluvial valley in the city of Rome (Italy): investigating possible interaction between sedimentary and tectonic processes(2008-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Cinti, F. R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Bozzano, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università "La Sapienza", Roma ;Cara, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Di Giulio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Boschi, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; We carried out geomorphologic and geological investigations in a south-eastern tributary valley of the Tiber River in Rome, the Grottaperfetta valley, aimed to reconstruct its buried geometry. Since results of the geomorphologic study evidenced anomalies of the stream beds, we performed geoelectric and boreholes prospecting to check whether recent faulting, rather than an inherited structural control, possibly contributed to the evolution of the alluvial valley. Vertical offsets of the stratigraphic horizons across adjacent boreholes were evidenced within the Late Pleistocene-Holocene alluvium and its substratum. In order to rule out the effects of irregular geometry of the alluvial deposits, we focussed on sectors where vertical offsets affected all the stratigraphic horizons (alluvium and pre-Holocene substratum), showing an increasing displacement with depth. We identified a site where repeated displacements occur coupled with a lateral variation of soil resistivity, and we drilled an oblique borehole aimed to cross and sample the possible fault zone affecting the terrain. A 7 cm thick granular layer, inclined 50°÷70° on the horizontal, was recovered 5 m b.g., and it was interpreted as the filling material of a fracture. The convergence of the reported features with independent evidence from geoelectric and geomorphologic investigations leads to hypothesize the presence of a faulting zone within the Holocene alluvial terrains and to propose the excavation of a trench to verify this hypothesis.282 428 - PublicationOpen AccessRadiometric age constraints for glacial terminations IX and VII(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy ;Karner, D.; 2Department of Geology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94985, U.S.A. ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy ;Renne, P.; 3Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridged Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. and Department of Earth and ;Roberts, A.; 4National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 ;Weaver, R.; 4National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14; ; ; ; ; Buried sedimentary aggradational sections deposited between 800 ka and 600 ka in the Tiber River coastal alluvial plain have been studied using borecores from around Rome. 40Ar/39Ar ages on sanidine and/or leucite from intercalated tephra layers and paleomagnetic investigation of clay sections provide geochronological constraints on the timing of aggradation of two of these alluvial sections, and demonstrate that they were deposited in response to eustatic sea level rise caused by glacial terminations IX and VII. 40Ar/39Ar age data indicate ages of 802 ± 8 ka and 649 ± 3 ka for glacial terminations IX, and VII, respectively, providing a rare test, beyond the range of U-series dating for corals and speleothems (~500 ka), of the astronomically calibrated timescale developed for oxygen isotope records from deep sea cores.167 281 - PublicationOpen AccessDrilling active volcanic area: in situ physical measurements at Alban Hills (Rome, Central Italy)(2007-09-25)
; ; ; ; ; ;Mariucci, M. T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Montone, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pierdominici, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ;Vinciguerra, S. ;Bernabé, Y. ;Vinciguerra, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Bernabé, Y.; MIT, USA; MIT, USAsee Abstract Volume151 201 - PublicationRestrictedPetrology of the most recent ultrapotassic magmas from the Roman Province (Central Italy)(2011)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Gaeta, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Freda, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Di Rocco, T.; Sapienza Università Roma ;Gozzi, F.; Sapienza Università Roma ;Arienzo, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Giaccio, B.; IGG-CNR ;Scarlato, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; We report on the newly discovered lava flow that erupted in the Colli Albani Volcanic District, which is the most recent and, geochemically the most peculiar effusive event recognised in the entire ultrapotassic Roman Province (Central Italy). This lava flow is associated with the Monte Due Torri scoria cone, located approximately 5 km south of the Albano hydromagmatic centre (69–36 ka). TheMonte Due Torri scoria cone displays well-preserved morphological characteristics and the 40±7 ka age determined for the associated lava flow indicates that its activity was nearly contemporaneous to the most recent, explosive activity that occurred at the Albano centre from 41 to 36 ka. By comparing chemical and petrological features of the Monte Due Torri lava flow, Albano products, and older products (N69 ka), we show that the youngest Colli Albani eruptions were fed by two new batches of parental magmas that originated in a phlogopite-bearing metasomatised mantle, each one feeding one of the two youngest eruptive cycles (at 69 ka and 41–36 ka). The trace element signature, e.g., very low Pb content, of primitive (MgON3 wt.%) magmas feeding the initiation of the hydromagmatic activity at Albano (69 ka) and the subsequent effusive activity at Monte Due Torri (40 ka) indicates that a magma chamber located in the deep anhydrite-bearing dolomite formation was tapped. However, the polygenic activity, the changes in magma composition, and the variable thermometamorphic clasts occurring in the hydromagmatic deposits (recording variable substrata) suggest, particularly for the Albano eruptive centre, a more complex plumbing system consisting of at least two more magma chambers at a shallower depth, i.e., in the Mesozoic limestone and Pliocene pelite formations. The large amount of stratigraphic, volcanological, and geochemical data collected for the Colli Albani Volcanic District, one of the main districts in the ultrapotassic Roman Province, enable us to contribute insights into the still open debate regarding the temporal variation of the metasomatised mantle source of the Italian potassic magmas. Based on our data, i.e., variation of radiogenic and trace elements over time, we suggest that the observed variation in the mantle source of the ultrapotassic magmas can be related to progressive consumption of the phlogopite component in the metasomatised source rather than the transition from lithosphere- to asthenosphere-derived magmatism and/or the transition from orogenic to anorogenic magmatism.328 22 - PublicationRestrictedPROVENANCING OF LIGHTWEIGHT VOLCANIC STONES USED IN ANCIENT ROMAN CONCRETE VAULTING: EVIDENCE FROM ROME(2011)
; ; ; ; ;Lancaster, L.; Classics and World Religions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA ;Sottili, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Ventura, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ; Some of the most structurally innovative concrete vaults built in imperial Rome employed lightweight volcanic rocks to reduce the lateral thrust on the supporting walls, the most famous being the Pantheon. Roman concrete (opus caementicium) was made up of mortar binding together pieces of large aggregate (caementa) usually ranging from 10 to 20 cm long, which were hand laid in the mortar (as opposed to being poured as is typical in modern concrete), so that it resembles mortared rubble. A key aspect of the development of large-scale concrete vaulting was the ability to regulate the weight of the ingredients in order to reduce the weight of the vaults and to control the forces within the structure. The volcanic environment along the west coast of Italy provided numerous stones of different weights and physical properties from which the builders could choose (Fig. 1), including pumice and scoria, which were the most common choices for the lightweight caementa of the most innovative vaulted structures. Because these materials were produced by many of the Italian volcanoes, our goal was to establish the provenance of those used in vaults in Rome in order to understand better the supply network. We first used thin sections to narrow the potential sources and then we submitted selected samples to X-ray fluorescence113 20 - PublicationRestrictedCO2-driven large mafic explosive eruptions: a case study from the Colli Albani Volcanic District (Italy)(2011)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Freda, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Gaeta, M.; Sapienza Università di Roma ;Giaccio, B.; IGAG-CNR ;Marra, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Palladino, D.; Sapienza Università di Roma ;Scarlato, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Sottili, G.; IGAG-CNR; ; ; ; ; ; Gene rally, the intensity and magnitude of explosive volcanic activity increase in parallel with SiO2 content. Pyro clasti cflow-forming eruptions in the Colli Albani ultrapotassic volcanic district (Italy) repres ent the most striking exception on a global scale, with volumes on the order of tens of cubic kilometres and K-foiditic compositions (SiO2 even<42 wt.%). Here, we reconstruct the pre-eruptive scenario and event dynamics of the ~456 ka Pozzolane Rosse (PR) eruption, the largest mafic explosive event of the Colli Albani district. In particular, we focus on the driving mechanisms for the unusually explosive eruption of a low-viscosity, mafic magma. Geologic, petrographic and geochemical data with mass balance calculations, supported by experimental data for Colli Albani magma compositions, provide evidence for significant ingestion of carbonate wall rocks by the Pozzolane Rosse K-foiditic magma. Moreover, the scattered occurrence of cored bombs in Pozzolane Rosse pyroclastic-flow deposits records carbonate entrainment even at the eruptive time scale, as also tested quantitatively by thermal modelling of magma–carbonate interaction and carbonate assimilation experiments. We suggest that the addition of free CO2 from decarbonation of country rocks was the major factor controlling magma explosivity. High CO2 activity in the volatile component, coupled with magma depressurisation, produced extensive leucite crystallisation at short time scal s, resulting in a dramatic increase in magma viscosity and volatile pressurisation, which was manifested a change of eruptive dynamics from early effusion to the Pozzolane Rosse's highly explosive eruption climax.279 29