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Giammanco, Salvatore
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Giammanco, Salvatore
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salvatore.giammanco@ingv.it
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129 results
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- PublicationOpen AccessRapporto settimanale sul monitoraggio vulcanologico dell’Etna 1 - 7 settembre 2008(2008-09-08)
; Giammanco, S.126 53 - PublicationRestrictedPreliminary investigation on soil CO2 and soil CH4 effluxes from a geothermal area near Palagonia (Sicily, Italy)(2012-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Bonfanti, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Carapezza, M. L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pagliuca, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Ricci, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Sciarra, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Spampinato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; The central part of eastern Sicily is characterized by several areas of strong crustal degassing. These gases are mostly carbon dioxide and methane and are particularly concentrated in some focused emissions (gas vents, mud volcanoes) or as diffuse degassing along major faults. In this study, the extent and orientation of soil CO2 and soil CH4 effluxes were investigated on a wide area (about 40 km2) located about 50 km southwest of Mt. Etna (Fig. 1). From a structural point of view, this area lays on a typical foredeep - foreland system that marks the boundary between the southern part of the Eurasian plate and the northern part of the African plate in the central Mediterranean. The situation was further complicated by the tectonic subsidence of the foredeep to the north of the northern Hyblean margin (YELLIN-DROR et alii, 1997; CARBONE et al., 1982) and the formation of a series of ENE-WSW oriented grabens and horsts, the Lentini Graben being the most important of these structures. This area was characterized by both submarine and subaerial volcanism until 1.7-2 Ma (BARBERI et alii, 1974; GRASSO et alii, 1983; GURENKO AND SCHMINCKE, 2002; SCHMINCKE et alii, 1997; TRUA et alii, 1997), and it was affected by strong seismicity in historical times. The surface geology consists of recent alluvial deposits and Plio-Pleistocene clays and sands interbedded with coeval basaltic lavas and pyroclastics of alkaline affinity (CARBONE et alii, 1987). Strong gas emissions in this area have been known since pre-Greek times, as reported by FERRARA (1805). PONTE (1919, 1934) showed that the gas that erupted through Naftìa Lake (located just southwest of the village of Palagonia, see Fig. 1) was pure carbon dioxide and calculated total emissions at about 80,000 t d-1. Today, the main gas emission is exploited for commercial use (Mofeta dei Palici plant, CO2 output estimated as about 250 t d-1, R. Romano pers. comm., 1998). The area is also characterized by several water well with warm (20-50 °C) water. Recent geochemical studies on this area (DE GREGORIO et alii, 2002; CARACAUSI et alii, 2003a, 2003b; GIAMMANCO et alii, 2007) showed that anomalous CO2 degassing has a hydrothermal or magmatic origin and it is linked to the dynamics of Mt. Etna’s plumbing system.1151 76 - PublicationOpen AccessFault-controlled soil CO2 degassing and shallow magma bodies: summit and lower east rift of Kilauea volcano (Hawai’i)(2006)
; ; ; ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Gurrieri, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Valenza, M.; Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed applicazioni, Università di Palermo; ; Soil CO2 flux measurements were carried out along traverses across mapped faults and eruptive fissures on the summit and the lower East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano. Anomalous levels of soil degassing were found for 44 of the tectonic structures and 47 of the eruptive fissures intercepted by the surveyed profiles. This result contrasts with what was recently observed on Mt. Etna, where most of the surveyed faults were associated with anomalous soil degassing. The difference is probably related to the differences in the state of activity at the time when soil gas measurements were made: Kilauea was erupting, whereas Mt. Etna was quiescent although in a pre-eruptive stage. Unlike Mt. Etna, flank degassing on Kilauea is restricted to the tectonic and volcanic structures directly connected to the magma reservoir feeding the ongoing East Rift eruption or in areas of the Lower East Rift where other shallow, likely independent reservoirs are postulated. Anomalous soil degassing was also found in areas without surface evidence of faults, thus suggesting the possibility of previously unknown structures.181 142 - PublicationOpen AccessRadioactivity content in volcanic rocks and radionuclides transfer from rocks to groundwater at Mt. Etna volcanoThe paper presents the results of a radiometric survey carried out on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna over an area of approximately 120 km2. Activity concentrations of 238,234U, 232,230,228Th, 226,228Ra, from 238U and 232Th decay chains, and potassium 40K were determined using α- and γ- spectrometry techniques. All rock samples presented activity concentrations of U, Th and Ra isotopes ranging from 20 Bq kg-1 to about 90 Bq kg-1, and they showed no particular compositional variations over the investigated area. Based on their respective elemental concentrations, the isotopic ratios of different elements were studied to check the presence of radioactive equilibrium, or disequilibrium, in the decay chains. Moreover, an attempt to calculate radionuclide transfer factors from soil to water was made, and the radiological risk resulting from ingestion of these isotopes contained in drinking water was calculated. The results were compared with current regulations on the quality of drinking water.
277 119 - PublicationOpen AccessRapporto geochimica eruzione Etna (09 Settembre 2006)(2006)
; ; ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Consoli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; 100 101 - PublicationRestrictedCluster analysis of soil CO2 data from Mt. Etna (Italy) reveals volcanic influences on temporal and spatial patterns of degassing(2009)
; ; ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Bonfanti, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; Soil CO2 concentration data were collected periodically from July 2001 to June 2005 from sampling site grids in two areas located on the lower flanks of Mt. Etna volcano (Paternò and Zafferana Etnea–Santa Venerina). Cluster analysis was performed on the acquired data in order to identify possible groups of sites where soil degassing could be fed by different sources. In both areas three clusters were recognised, whose average CO2 concentration values throughout the whole study period remained significantly different from one another. The clusters with the lowest CO2 concentrations showed timeaveraged values ranging from 980 to 1,170 ppm vol, whereas those with intermediate CO2 concentrations showed time-averaged values ranging from 1,400 to 2,320 ppm vol, and those with the highest concentrations showed time-averaged values between 1,960 and 55,430 ppm vol. We attribute the lowest CO2 concentrations largely to a biogenic source of CO2. Conversely, the highest CO2 concentrations are attributed to a magmatic source, whereas the intermediate values are due to a variable mixing of the two sources described above. The spatial distribution of the CO2 values related to the magmatic source define a clear direction of anomalous degassing in the Zafferana Etnea–Santa Venerina area, which we attribute to the presence of a hidden fault, whereas in the Paternò area no such oriented anomalies were observed, probably because of the lower permeability of local soil. Time-series analysis shows that most of the variations observed in the soil CO2 data from both areas were related to changes in the volcanic activity of Mt. Etna. Seasonal influences were only observed in the time patterns of the clusters characterised by low CO2 concentrations, and no significant interdependence was found between soil CO2 concentrations and meteorological parameters. The largest observed temporal anomalies are interpreted as release of CO2 from magma batches that migrated from deeper to shallower portions of Etna’s feeder system. The pattern of occurrence of such episodes of anomalous gas release during the observation period was quite different between the two studied areas. This pattern highlighted an evident change in the mechanism of magma transport and storage within the volcano’s feeder system after June 2003, interpreted as magma accumulation into a shallow (<8 km depth) reservoir.767 27 - PublicationOpen AccessRapporto sulle misure di CO2 e mercurio nei suoli e nell’atmosfera e sui dati in continuo di radon nel suolo presso la zona sommitale dell’Etna (17 Luglio 2006)(2006)
; ; ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; A seguito dell’attività eruttiva iniziatasi sull’Etna giorno 14 Luglio, sono state effettuate varie misure di gas sia nei suoli che in atmosfera nell’intorno di Torre del Filosofo (Figura 1), dove già da tempo si monitorizza l’emissione di CO2 e radon nel terreno sia in maniera continua (radon) che discontinua (CO2). Inoltre, sono state anche effettuate misure di concentrazione di mercurio sia nei suoli che nell’aria, accoppiate alle misure di CO2. Infine, sono stati scaricati i dati di radon dalla sonda in continuo istallata nello stesso sito nel Luglio 2005 (Neri et al., 2006).143 146 - PublicationOpen AccessRapporto settimanale sull’attività eruttiva dell’Etna 6-13 Marzo 2006(2006-03-13)
; ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia136 100 - PublicationOpen Access
1181 1090 - PublicationRestrictedA multidisciplinary approach to detect active pathways for magma migration and eruption at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy) before the 2001 and 2002-03 eruptions(2004-08-30)
; ; ; ; ;Alparone, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Andronico, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Giammanco, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lodato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; Two strong flank eruptions occurred in July–August 2001 and from late October 2002 to late January 2003 at Mt. Etna volcano. The two eruptions mainly involved the upper southern flank of the volcano, a particularly active area during the last 30 years, damaging several tourist facilities and threatening some villages. The composite eruptive activity on the upper southern flank of Mt. Etna during 2001–2003 has confirmed “a posteriori” the results of a multidisciplinary study, started well before its occurrence by combining geological, seismic and geochemical data gathered in this part of the volcano. We were able, in fact, to highlight fractured zones likely to be re-activated in the near future in this area, where the largest majority of eruptive fissures in the recent past opened along N120° to N180° ranging directions. The spatial distribution of earthquake epicentres during the period June 30th 2000–June 30th 2001 showed the greatest frequency in a sector compatible with both the direction of the main fissures of the pre-2001 period and that of the 2001 and 2002 lateral eruptions. Soil CO2 and soil temperature surveys carried out in the studied area during the last 3 years have revealed anomalous release of magmatic fluids (mainly CO2 and water vapour) along some NNW–SSE-trending volcano-tectonic structures of the area even during inter-eruptive periods, indicating persistent convective hydrothermal systems at shallow depth connected with the main feeder conduits of Etna. The temporal changes in both seismic and geochemical data from June 30th, 2000 to June 30th, 2001 were compared with the evolution of volcanic activity. The comparison allowed to recognize at least two sequences of anomalous signals (August to December 2000 and April to June 2001), likely related to episodes of step-like magma ascent towards the surface, as indicated by the following eruptive episodes. The N120° to N180° structural directions are in accord with one of the main structural lines affecting eastern Sicily; they would be important pathways for magma uprise to the surface that will keep on feeding the eruptive activity of Etna in the near future. This study also pointed out the high instability of the southern slope of Etna, a sector where the potential hazard by lava flow invasion will remain high also in the near future.597 248