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Gambino, Salvatore
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Preferred name
Gambino, Salvatore
Email
salvatore.gambino@ingv.it
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staff
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
7006056520
Researcher ID
C-6690-2014
92 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 92
- PublicationOpen AccessSeismicity Pattern Changes before the M = 4.8 Aeolian Archipelago (Italy) Earthquake of August 16, 2010(2014-01-08)
; ; ; ;Gambino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Laudani, A.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Roma Tre, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Roma, Italy ;Mangiagli, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; We investigated the seismicity patterns associated with an earthquake recorded in the Aeolian Archipelago on 16, August, 2010, by means of the region-time-length (RTL) algorithm. This earthquake triggered landslides at Lipari; a rock fall on the flanks of the Vulcano, Lipari, and Salina islands, and some damages to the village of Lipari. The RTL algorithm is widely used for investigating precursory seismicity changes before large and moderate earthquakes. We examined both the spatial and temporal characteristics of seismicity changes in the Aeolian Archipelago region before the earthquake. The results obtained reveal 6-7 months of seismic quiescence which started about 15 months before the earthquake. The spatial distribution shows an extensive area characterized by seismic quiescence that suggests a relationship between quiescence and the Aeolian Archipelago regional tectonics.519 172 - PublicationRestrictedVolcanic processes detected by tiltmeters: A review of experience on Sicilian volcanoes(2014-02)
; ; ; ; ;Gambino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Falzone, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Ferro, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Laudani, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; A review of the experience gained in the use of tiltmeters on Mt. Etna, Stromboli and Vulcano during the last 30 years is reported here. Tilt data represent a fundamental contribution towards understanding volcanic processes such as dike intrusions, fracture propagation, lava fountains and volume changes in magmatic or hydrothermal systems causing a deflation/ inflation of the edifice. Intrusive processes preceding lateral eruptions show large variations (up to over 100 microradians), while minor variations (not exceeding 2.5 microradians) are linked to lava fountains that form ash plumes and lead to fallout deposits that cause severe hazards to aviation. High precision tilt also allows detecting the slight ground deformation linked to strombolian activity (0.01–0.2 microradians) as well as co-seismic variations (0.1–1.5 microradians) and tidal effects (0.1–0.2 microradians) that may have a role in the evolution of a volcanic system. Time–amplitude tilt ranges linked to each process are generally different allowing to discriminate, in real time, between a signal associated to one process and another one. This fact is important in terms of early warning particularly during the first phases of dikes propagation that precede a lateral eruption by hours–days.321 28 - PublicationOpen AccessSeismological investigations of the Pernicana Fault (Mt. Etna, Siciliy, Italy) inferred by high precise locations of the microseismicity(2010-07-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Alparone, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cocina, O.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Ferrari, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Gambino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Mostaccio, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Spampinato, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Tuvè, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Ursino, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; The analysis of seismicity due to the activation of Pernicana Fault in the period 1999-2009 (about 400 earthquakes) has provided useful information for the characterization of this structure. By applying different techniques of location and analysis of cross-correlation on waveforms of earthquakes, it was possible to highlight that the Pernicana Fault is actually composed of segments characterized by different releases of seismic energy. Moreover, the space-time analysis of the evolution of the seismicity showed evident correlation with the eruptive activity of the volcano and the dynamics of its eastern flank.211 74 - PublicationOpen AccessResponse: Commentary: Deformation Pattern of the Northern Sector of the Malta Escarpment (Offshore SE Sicily, Italy): Fault Dimension, Slip Prediction, and Seismotectonic ImplicationsArgnani (2021) provides a commentary (hereafter ARGN) on our paper titled: “Deformation Pattern of the Northern Sector of the Malta Escarpment: Fault Dimension, Slip Prediction, and Seismotectonic Implications,” which was published in the journal Frontiers in Earth Science in January 2021 (Gambino et al., 2021, hereafter GAMB). Through the interpretation of eight new seismic profiles (six of which are reported in Supplementary Figure S1 of GAMB) crossing the Malta Escarpment, GAMB pointed to a better definition of the geometry of three active faults (F1, F2, F3) and their seismic potential by employing slip tendency modeling and forward analysis. The results suggest that F3 is prone to be reactivated under the achieved stress field and has the capacity of generating M > 7 earthquakes. ARGN raises concerns about the higher resolution and less penetration of the eight newly acquired high-resolution multichannel reflection seismic profiles and the seismic-stratigraphic pattern proposed by GAMB. According to ARGN, “the seismic profiles analyzed by GAMB belong to different sets and have very different seismic characters and resolution, making seismic facies correlation pretty difficult, also because no tie lines are available. As a result, stratigraphic correlations are highly speculative and the ensuing uncertainties undermine the timing of the tectonic evolution envisaged by GAMB, as well as the age and rate of activity of tectonic structures.” Furthermore, ARGN argues on the hypothesis of an early large-scale slope instability affecting the area. Most of the statements of ARGN seem to be based on his available older multichannel reflection seismic profiles, which have, indeed, a higher penetration but less resolution. We also agree that high-resolution digital multichannel seismic profiles are not easily comparable with low-resolution multichannel seismic lines, but we see the clear advantage of a state-of-the-art technology to image the upper strata of sedimentary systems. The used system proved its robustness in many different settings worldwide and has been successfully used for many pre-site surveys for drilling campaigns for the IODP and ICDP. As a result, we rebut point-by-point ARGN’s comments and stand by our model on the active deformation pattern and seismotectonics of the northern sector of the Malta Escarpment.
60 12 - PublicationOpen AccessDynamics of Vulcano Island investigated by long-term (40 years) geophysical data(2014-09-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bonforte, Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Alparone, Salvatore; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Gambino, Salvatore; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Guglielmino, Francesco; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Obrizzo, Francesco; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Velardita, Rosanna; ; ; ; ; Vulcano island is a composite volcanic edifice located in the south-central sector of the Aeolian Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and it is an important tourist destination. Historic activity has been characterized by frequent transitions from phereatomagmatic to minor magmatic activity. The last eruption in 1888-90 was characterized by energetic explosive pulses and defines the “vulcanian” type of activity. Since then, volcanic activity has taken the form of fumarolic emanations of variable intensity and temperature, mainly concentrated at “La Fossa” crater, with maximum temperatures ranging between 200° and 300° C; temperature increases and changes in the gas chemistry, were often observed. The most recent episode began in the 80’s when fumarole temperature progressively increased to 690°C in May 1993. Vulcano is active and this favoured monitoring and research studies, in particular focussed on the most recent structures. In the frame of DPC-INGV “V3” project, we investigate the Vulcano dynamics through ca. 40 years of ground deformation and seismicity data collected by the discrete and continuous INGV monitoring networks. We considered levelling, GPS, EDM, seismic and tilt data. EDM and levelling measurements began in the middle 1970s and since the late 1990s the EDM benchmarks have been measurered using GPS. We observed three scales of ground deformation: the first one seems to be linked to the regional tectonics, with a general transpressive kinematics; the second one affects the northern half of the island and could be related to the caldera dynamics; the third one affects only the cone of La Fossa. Regional tectonic stress seems to play an important role in the transition of the volcanic system from a phase of stability to a phase of unrest, inducing the heating and the expansion of shallow hydrothermal fluids. Ground deformation at Vulcano may be linked to the geothermal system rather than magmatic sources.272 89 - PublicationOpen AccessThe Most Intense Deflation of the Last Two Decades at Mt. Etna: The 2019–2021 Evolution of Ground Deformation and Modeled Pressure Sources(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;We analyze Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and tilt data from the permanent monitoring networks of Etna volcano starting just after the 24 December 2018 eruption to an unusual two-month period of deflation in February–March, 2021, which coincided with the occurrence of 17 lava fountain episodes. Based on changes in slope in the GNSS displacement time series, we divide the period starting 7 months after the eruption into five phases, spanning the continued inflation of the edifice punctuated by short periods of effusive and strombolian activity (four phases) and a 2-month phase of intensive deflation. Our model indicates a progressive deepening of the internal pressure sources followed by a fast ascending source starting two-months before the first 2021 paroxysms. We explain these results in light of a recent volcanological model on the nature and behavior of magma ascending through the Etnean feeding system.353 96 - PublicationRestrictedHigh-precision locations of the microseismicity preceding the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna eruption(2004-09-18)
; ; ; ; ; ;Gambino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Mostaccio, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Patanè, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Scarfì, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Ursino, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ; ; To recognize possible signals of intrusive processes leading to the last 2002–2003 flank eruption at Mt. Etna, we analyzed the spatial pattern of microseismicity between August 2001 and October 2002 and calculated 23 fault plane solutions (FPSs) for shocks with magnitude greater than 2.5. By applying the double-difference approach of Waldhauser and Ellsworth [2000] on 3D locations, we found that most of the scattered epicentral locations further collapse in roughly linear features. High-precision locations evidenced a distribution of earthquakes along two main alignments, oriented NE-SW to ENE-WSW and NW-SE, matching well both with the known tectonic and volcanic lineaments of Etna and FPSs results. Moreover, microseismicity and swarms located along the NNW-SSE volcano-genetic trend suggest, together with geodetic data and volcanological evidence that progressive magma refilling has occurred since February 2002.210 86 - PublicationRestrictedTime-space variation of volcano-seismic events at La Fossa (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy): new insights into seismic sources in a hydrothermal system(2010)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Alparone, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Cannata, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Gambino, S. ;Gresta, S.; DIpartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Catania ;Milluzzo, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Montalto, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia; ; ;; ; We investigated the relationship between volcano-seismic events, recorded at La Fossa crater of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) during 2004-2006, and the dynamics of the hydrothermal system. During the period of study, three episodes of increasing numbers of volcano-seismic events took place at the same time as geothermal and geochemical anomalies were observed. These geothermal and geochemical anomalies have been interpreted as resulting from an increasing deep magmatic component of the hydrothermal fluids. Three classes of seismic events (long period, high frequency and monochromatic events), characterised by different spectral content and various similarity of the waveforms, have been recognised. These events, clustered mainly below La Fossa crater area at depths of 0.5–1.1 km b.s.l., were space-distributed according to the classes. Based on their features, we can infer that such events at Vulcano are related to two different source mechanisms: (1) fracturing processes of rocks and (2) resonance of cracks (or conduits) filled with hydrothermal fluid. In the light of these source mechanisms, the increase in the number of events, at the same time as geochemical and geothermal anomalies were observed, was interpreted as the result of an increasing magmatic component of the hydrothermal fluids, implying an increase of their flux. Indeed, such variation caused an increase of both the pore pressure within the rocks of the volcanic system and the amount of ascending fluids. Increased pore pressures gave rise to fracturing processes, while the increased fluid flux favoured resonance and vibration processes in cracks and conduits. Finally, a gradual temporal variation of the waveform of the hybrid events (one of the subclasses of long period events) was observed, likely caused by heating and drying of the hydrothermal system.301 32 - PublicationRestrictedHigh precision locations of LP events on Mt. Etna: reconstruction of the fluid-filled volume(2006)
; ;Gambino, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, ItaliaDuring 1991−93 at Mount Etna, long-period (LP) events occurring in swarms characterized the evolution of the eruption. The presence of multiplets i.e. groups of events with similar waveform signatures, has been recognized within this activity. Traditional techniques for locating LP events do not allow obtaining reliable hypocenters, which have only succeeded in placing earthquakes in a roughly 1 km2 area slightly east of the Mt. Etna Northeast Crater. Hypocenters have been relocated in two steps: the absolute location has been improved using Thurber’s code and a complex 3D velocity model; a highly precise relative location has been applied on multiplets to define the source geometry. 3D locations and high precision analysis suggest that during the 1991−93 eruption the resonator producing LP events was a part of the uppermost Northeast Crater conduit, measuring 210 meters in height and 45−50 meters in diameter.174 29 - PublicationOpen AccessChanging magma recharge/discharge dynamics during the 2020–22 lava fountaining activity at Mt. Etna revealed by tilt deformation and volcanic tremor(2024-05)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; Mt. Etna exhibited 62 lava fountaining events between December 13, 2020 and February 21, 2022. We analyzed tilt deformations and volcanic tremor amplitude time series, to characterize both eruptions and the preceding preparatory phases in terms of magnitude and speed of development of the volcanic phenomena, as well as to reconstruct the processes that took place inside the plumbing system and drove this intense period of activity. Based on deflation amplitudes associated with lava fountains and according with other retrieved parameters (i.e., magnitude of inflations, inflation and deflation velocities and volcanic tremor amplitudes), three periods have been distinguished. Period I displays higher values of all the aforementioned parameters, interpreted as conspicuous volumes of volatile-rich magma transferred towards the surface. Period II shows lower values evidencing lack of important new injections of magma from depth, whereas period III reveals a general increasing trend possibly related to gas flushing from magma residing in deeper portions of the plumbing system. Detailed elaborations of tilt signals allowed the identification of short-lived inflations accompanying the early stages of lava fountains during period II. Our results reveal significant correlations between amplitude and velocity of tilt and volcanic tremor signals associated with lava fountains and evidence the crucial role of gas in the inflation-deflation cycles.21 1