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Bianchi, Cesidio
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Bianchi, Cesidio
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cesidio.bianchi@ingv.it
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- PublicationOpen AccessNew low power pulse compressed ionosonde at Gibilmanna Ionospheric Observatory(2005)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Baskaradas, J. A.; TRIL fellow, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Pezzopane, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Sciacca, U.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Scotto, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Tutone, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Zuccheretti, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; A digital low power pulse compressed ionosonde was developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy. The aim of this Advanced Ionospheric Sounder, AIS-INGV, is to reduce the transmitted power and, consequently, weight, size, power consumption and hardware complexity. To compensate the power reduction the most advanced HF radar techniques such as the pulse compression and a phase coherent integration are used. The ionosonde is completely programmable and a PC supports the data acquisition, control, storage and on-line processing. The first prototype was installed at Gibilmanna Ionospheric Observatory (Sicily), an interesting location in the center of Mediterranean area. The new ionosonde will contribute to ionospheric database and real time knowledge of South European ionospheric conditions for space weather applications. In this work the first results (ionograms and autoscaled characteristics) are presented and briefly discussed.55425 786 - PublicationOpen AccessOptimal Requirements of a Data Acquisition System for a Quadrupolar PROBE employed in Electrical Spectroscopy(2009-08-08)
; ; ; ; ;Settimi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Zirizzotti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Baskaradas, J. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; This paper discusses the development and engineering of electrical spectroscopy for simultaneous and non invasive measurement of electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity. A quadrupolar probe is able to perform measurements on a subsurface with inaccuracies below a fixed limit in a band of low frequencies. The probe should be connected to an appropriate analogical digital converter (ADC) which samples in uniform or in phase and quadrature (IQ) mode. If the probe is characterized by a galvanic contact with the surface, the inaccuracies in the measurement of resistivity and permittivity, due to the uniform or IQ sampling ADC, are analytically expressed. A large number of numerical simulations prove that the performance of the probe depends on the selected sampler and that the IQ is better compared to the uniform mode under the same operating conditions, i.e. bit resolution and medium.416 172 - PublicationOpen AccessAn Intercomparison of Precipitable Water Vapor Measurements Obtained During the ECOWAR Field Campaign(2009-03-11)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Fiorucci, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Muscari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Di Girolamo, P.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Esposito, F.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Grieco, G.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Summa, D.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Bianchini, G.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy ;Palchetti, L.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy ;Cacciani, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy ;Di Iorio, T.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy ;Pavese, G.; Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale, IMAA-CNR, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy ;Cimini, D.; CETEMPS, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy ;de Zafrah, R. L.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, State University of New York, Stony Brook, U.S.A.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In this study we present an intercomparison of measurements of very low water vapor column content obtained with a Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (GBMS), Vaisala RS92k radiosondes, a Raman Lidar, and an IR Fourier Transform Spectrometer. These sets of measurements were carried out during the primary field campaign of the ECOWAR (Earth COoling by WAter vapor Radiation) project which took place on the Western Italian Alps from 3 to 16 March, 2007.403 271 - PublicationOpen AccessIonospheric Doppler measurements by means of HF-radar techniques(2005-12)
; ; ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Altadill, D.; Observatori de l’Ebre, Roquetes, Spain; Studies of the dynamics of the ionosphere and its related phenomena are mainly based on Doppler Drift measurements. The time variation (ionisation/recombination) of plasma density, thermospheric wind and others can be observed by means of HF-radars. The technique of Doppler Drift measurements is a quite complex technique that is now affordable by means of an advanced ionospheric sounder. The combination of vertical sounding and interferometric Doppler detection discloses the Doppler sources. The echo signal contains the Doppler shift in frequency imposed on the wave carrier by each point source where the signal is reflected. Other phenomena like environmental noise and the intrinsic error of the measurements that, together with the change in time of the refractive index, affect the measurements in various ways impeding to better quantify the results.201 446 - PublicationOpen AccessThe new AIS-INGV digital ionosonde(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ;Zuccheretti, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Tutone, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Sciacca, U.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Baskaradas, J. A.; TRIL fellow, The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; ; ; ; A new digital ionosonde called AIS-INGV (Advanced Ionospheric Sounder) was designed both for research and for routine service of HF radio wave propagation forecast. Nearly the entire system was developed in the Laboratorio di Geofisica Ambientale at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome. It exploits advanced techniques for signal analysis, recent technological devices and PC resources. This paper describes design concepts and performance of the new ionosonde.54349 1070 - PublicationOpen AccessMorphology of bottom surfaces of glacier ice tongues in the East Antarctic region(2001-02)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Chiappini, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Tabacco, I. E.; Università di Milano, Sezione Geofisica, Milano, Italy ;Passerini, A.; Università di Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy ;Zirizzotti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Zuccheretti, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; During three Antarctic summer campaigns (1995/97/99) Radio Echo Sounding (RES) system data from some glacier ice tongues in the East Antarctic regions between Victoria Land and George V Land were collected. The morphology and structure of the bottom surfaces deduced from the electromagnetic interpretation of echo signal were observed. The bottom surfaces at the ice/water interface show either irregular or flat contours or both. Some ice tongues are nearly perfectly flat, others show clear signs of irregularities while three of them have good regular spaced rippled bottom surfaces. The latter structures are well-evident in the longitudinal traverse of the tongues, whereas the transversal paths do not show the same features. This particular shape of the bottom surfaces related to the ablation process and detachment mechanism could be interesting especially to determine some physical characteristics and the possible fracture points of the ice tongues.14233 1133 - PublicationOpen AccessMillimeter wave spectroscopic measurements of stratospheric and mesospheric constituents over the Italian Alps: stratospheric ozone(2007-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Muscari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Cesaroni, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;de Zafra, R. L.; Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, ;Di Iorio, T.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma «La Sapienza», Roma, Italy ;Fiorucci, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Fuà, D.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma «La Sapienza», Roma, Italy ;Romaniello, V.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma «La Sapienza», Roma, Italy ;Zuccheretti, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Measurements of rotational lines emitted by middle atmospheric trace gases have been carried out from the Alpine station of Testa Grigia (45.9°N, 7.7°E, elev. 3500 m) by means of a Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (GBMS). Observations of species such as O3, HNO3, CO, N2O, HCN, and HDO took place during 4 winter periods, from February 2004 to March 2007, for a total of 116 days of measurements grouped in about 18 field campaigns. By studying the pressure-broadened shape of emission lines the vertical distribution of the observed constituents is retrieved within an altitude range of ∼17-75 km, constrained by the 600 MHz pass band and the 65 kHz spectral resolution of the back-end spectrometer. This work discusses the behavior of stratospheric O3 during the entire period of operation at Testa Grigia. Mid-latitude O3 columnar content as estimated using GBMS measurements can vary by large amounts over a period of very few days, with the largest variations observed in December 2005, February 2006, and March 2006, confirming that the northern winter of 2005-2006 was characterized by a particularly intense planetary wave activity. The largest rapid variation from maximum to minimum O3 column values over Testa Grigia took place in December 2006 and reached a relative value of 72% with respect to the average column content for that period. During most GBMS observation times much of the variability is concentrated in the column below 20 km, with tropospheric weather systems and advection of tropical tropospheric air into the lower stratosphere over Testa Grigia having a large impact on the observed variations in column contents. Nonetheless, a wide variability is also found in middle stratospheric GBMS O3 measurements, as expected for mid-latitude ozone. We find that O3 mixing ratios at ∼32 km are very well correlated with the solar illumination experienced by air masses over the previous ∼15 days, showing that already at 32 km altitude ozone photochemistry dominates over transport processes. The correlation of lower stratospheric ozone concentrations with potential vorticity as an indicator of transport is instead not as clear-cut, due to very complex mixing processes that characterize stratospheric air at mid-latitudes. Correlations of O3 over Testa Grigia with stratospheric tracers such as N2O and HCN, also observed by means of the GBMS, are planned for the future, in order to better characterize lower stratospheric dynamics and therefore lower stratospheric ozone concentrations at mid-latitudes.587 275 - PublicationOpen AccessLocation of a new ice core site at Talos Dome (East Antarctica)(2006-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Cafarella, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Zirizzotti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Tabacco, I.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra «Ardito Desio», Sezione Geofisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy ;Frezzotti, M.; ENEA - CRE Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria (RM), Italy; ; ; ; ; In the frame of glaciology and palaeoclimate research, Talos Dome (72°48lS; 159°06lE), an ice dome on the East Antarctic plateau, represents the new selected site for a new deep ice core drilling. The increasing interest in this region is due to the fact that the ice accumulation is higher here than in other domes in East Antarctica. A new deep drilling in this site could give important information about the climate changes near the coast. Previous papers showed that the dome summit is situated above a sloped bedrock. A new position on a relatively flat bedrock 5-6 km far from here in the SE direction was defined as a possible new ice core site for an European (Italy, France, Swiss and United Kingdom) drilling project named as TALDICE (TALos Dome Ice Core Project). This point, named as ID1 (159°11l00mE; 72°49l40mS), became the centre of the Radio Echo Sounding (RES) flight plan during the 2003 Italian Antarctic expedition, with the aim of confirming the new drilling site choice. In this paper 2001 and 2003 RES data sets have been used to draw a better resolution of ice thickness, bottom morphology and internal layering of a restricted area around the dome. Based on the final results, point ID1 has been confirmed as the new coring site. Finally, the preliminary operations about the installation of the summer ice core camp (TALDICE) at ID1 site carried out during the XX Italian Antarctic expedition (November 2004-December 2005) are briefly described.14693 415 - PublicationOpen AccessA method to test HF ray tracing algorithm in the ionosphere by means of the virtual time delay(2011-08-13)
; ; ; ; ; ;Azzarone, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Settimi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Scotto, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Lozito, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ; It is well known that a 3D ray tracing algorithm furnishes the ray’s coordinates, the three components of the wave vector and the calculated group time delay of the wave along the path. The latter quantity can be compared with the measured group time delay to check the performance of the algorithm. Simulating a perfect reflector at an altitude equal to the virtual height of reflection, the virtual time delay is assumed as a real time delay. For a monotonic electronic density profile we find a very small relative difference between the calculated and the virtual delay for both analytic and numerical 3D electronic density models.21343 549 - PublicationOpen AccessL'uso della polarizzazione dell'eco nei sondaggi ionosferici(2007)
; ; ; ;Sciacca, U.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Zuccheretti, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; While performing an ionospheric sounding the information brought by the polarisation of the received echo is not essential. In fact, the "AIS" ionosonde [Arokiasami 2002], developed at INGV in the recent years, does not allow for this piece of information but it is able to generate good quality ionograms, from which it is possible to discriminate between the ordinary and the extraordinary ray. Anyway, if the polarisation information is available the automatic scaling of the ionograms can be more effective. This work consists of some theoretical and technological considerations, fundamental to the development of an improved ionosonde model, that has been carried on at INGV. The magnetoionic theory of propagation of radio waves into the ionosphere is assumed as known; so only some concepts concerning more tightly the waves polarisation and the creation of the ordinary and the extraordinary rays are developed; eventually the practical ways by which it is possible to discriminate them by means of a sounding instrument are described.34183 237