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05.09. Miscellaneous
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- PublicationOpen AccessTerremoti come e perchè. Speciale Abruzzo(2010)
; ; ; ;Peruzza, L.; ; ;Camassi, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Castelli, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Nostro, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Peruzza, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italia ;Pessina, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Milano-Pavia, Milano, Italia ;Pignone, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; ; ; ;Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italia; ; ;Camassi, R. ;Camassi, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia151 173 - PublicationOpen AccessRadioactivity content in volcanic rocks and radionuclides transfer from rocks to groundwater at Mt. Etna volcanoThe paper presents the results of a radiometric survey carried out on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna over an area of approximately 120 km2. Activity concentrations of 238,234U, 232,230,228Th, 226,228Ra, from 238U and 232Th decay chains, and potassium 40K were determined using α- and γ- spectrometry techniques. All rock samples presented activity concentrations of U, Th and Ra isotopes ranging from 20 Bq kg-1 to about 90 Bq kg-1, and they showed no particular compositional variations over the investigated area. Based on their respective elemental concentrations, the isotopic ratios of different elements were studied to check the presence of radioactive equilibrium, or disequilibrium, in the decay chains. Moreover, an attempt to calculate radionuclide transfer factors from soil to water was made, and the radiological risk resulting from ingestion of these isotopes contained in drinking water was calculated. The results were compared with current regulations on the quality of drinking water.
277 119 - PublicationRestrictedPredicting the impact of lava flows at Mount Etna, Italy(2010-04-28)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Crisci, G.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Avolio, M. V.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Behncke, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;D'Ambrosio, D.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Di Gregorio, S.; Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Lupiano, V.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Romgo, R.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy ;Spataro, W.; High Performance Computing Centre, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Forecasting the time, nature, and impact of future eruptions is difficult at volcanoes such as Mount Etna, in Italy, where eruptions occur from the summit and on the flanks, affecting areas distant from each other. Nonetheless, the identification and quantification of areas at risk from new eruptions are fundamental for mitigating potential human casualties and material damage. Here, we present new results from the application of a methodology to define flexible high‐resolution lava invasion susceptibility maps based on a reliable computational model for simulating lava flows at Etna and on a validation procedure for assessing the correctness of susceptibility mapping in the study area. Furthermore, specific scenarios can be extracted at any time from the simulation database, for land use and civil defense planning in the long term, to quantify, in real time, the impact of an imminent eruption, and to assess the efficiency of protective measures.834 32 - PublicationRestrictedSea level changes since the Middle Ages along the coast of the Adriatic Sea: the case of St. Nicholas Basilica, Bari, Southern Italy(2013)
; ; ; ;Pagliarulo, R. ;Antonioli, F. ;Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ; ;During the last decade, several papers have been published to estimate the relative sea level change from coastal archaeological indicators of the last 3.4 ka BP in many locations of the Italian coasts and the Mediterranean Sea. The use of the archaeological information has been poorly focused for the Middle Ages, due to the few available coastal installations for this period, thus not allowing precise sea level estimation for the last 1000 years, to complement the instrumental data available for the last 100e120 years. This study discusses an archaeological marker of the Middle Ages, used to reconstruct the story of the sea level changes in the last 1000 years, at the St. Nicholas Basilica, built in 1087 AD along the coast of Bari (Apulia, southern Italy). The elevations of the ancient floor levels of the crypt underwent repeated flooding due to a continuous rising of the groundwater table, which required restoration and uplifting of pavements between 1087 and 1956 to keep them dry. The palaeo-sea levels have been obtained by measuring the position of the groundwater table, the elevation of which is mainly driven by sea level since the time of the construction of the Basilica. The elevation of the archaeological markers and the water table were compared against the latest predicted sea level curve for the Holocene along the coast of Bari. As this coastal area is unaffected by significant vertical tectonic motion over the last 125 ky, the data detail the timing of the relative sea level rise since the Middle Ages and can be used to improve the predicted sea level curve for this region for the last 1000 years.140 23 - PublicationOpen AccessLuigi Palmieri: first scientific bases for geophysical surveillance in Mt. Vesuvius area(1999-06)
; ; ; ;Borgstrom, S.; Osservatorio Vesuviano, Ercolano, Napoli, Italy ;De Lucia, M.; Osservatorio Vesuviano, Ercolano, Napoli, Italy ;Nave, R.; Osservatorio Vesuviano, Ercolano, Napoli, Italy; ; Luigi Palmieri (Faicchio 1807 -Naples 1896), was appointed Director of the Vesuvius Observatory in 1855. He rea1ized the first model of electromagnetic seismograph and the uninterrupted use at the Observatory of this instrument represented the first step towards a geophysical sensu strictu surveillance of Mt. Vesuvius area. Already at the end of the 18th century, Ascanio Filomarino had built a mechanical seismograph which was ab1e to record the amplitude of the seismic waves, the incoming direction of the earthquake and its starting time. In 1862 Michele Baldacchini proposed to the Neapolitan scientific community a question about the possibility to use the study of precursory signs of the Vesuvian eruptions to inform in advance people living near the vo1cano. Palmieri answered Baldacchini's request, giving proof of extreme far-sightedness from the scientific point of view but, similarly, much concreteness from the practica1 point of view: he described, with modern ideas, the things to do in order to carry out the surveillance in the Mt. Vesuvius area, but concluded thus: "Till we have not the (economic and instrumental) means we have spoken above, I think it is useless to entertain the Academy about the nature and the method of the observations and investigations to be performed".756 290 - PublicationOpen AccessEarthquakes and ancient peasant cultures: ethnographic observations following the 26th July 1805 earthquake(1995-11)
; ;Caiazza, D.; Soprintendenza Archeologica di Napoli e Caserta, Italy107 151 - PublicationRestrictedIl paesaggio geologico: forme, processi e pericolosità(FrancoAngeli, 2016)
; ;Peppoloni, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia; ; ; ;Biasi, RitaScatena, DonatellaIl paesaggio rappresenta il luogo dove saperi diversi si sovrappongono, il punto d'incontro di numerose discipline di studio, dall'ecologia all'urbanistica, dall'arte alla geografia, dalla geologia all'architettura, fino all'economia e altro ancora, spaziando dal campo scientifico a quello umanistico...157 51 - PublicationOpen AccessIl radon e la radioattività ambientale: risultati del progetto di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro “Misure dell’attività del gas radon nei suoli e nelle acque nel territorio di Cerveteri (Roma, Italia centrale)”During 20172018 academic year, a SchoolWork Pathway (SWP) project has been developed and accomplished with the collaboration of students attending the last year of the scientific high school of Cerveteri (Rome). The main focus of the project was to introduce students to an environmental problem that is not well known but it is locally present. The project has been addressed to the study of natural radioactivity due to the presence of tuff outcrops (Tufo rosso a scorie nere and Tufi stratificati varicolori di Sacrofano, deriving from middlelower Pleistocene volcanic activity) that naturally produce the radioactive gas radon. Thus, the Cerveteri area has a natural radioactivity but radon is a gas that can migrate and easily escape in the atmosphere. However, tuffs can be used as building material and, in this case, radon can accumulate in houses and closed spaces (basements and cellars). The SWP project has been developed by means of lectures, experimental measurements and data elaboration of gas radon activity in soil, indoor (in the students’ houses) and dissolved in water. Results have highlighted moderate (>16000 Bq/m3) but localized anomalies of soil gas radon and mediumlow (< 200 Bq/m3) values of indoor radon excepting some cases exceeding the threshold (> 300 Bq/m3) recommended by 2013/59 Euratom Directive.
195 52 - PublicationOpen AccessGeoethics: ethical challenges and case studies in Earth Science(Elsevier, 2014-11-18)
; ;Peppoloni, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia; ; ; ;Wyss, Max ;Peppoloni, Silvia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, ItaliaKey Features. Written by a global group of contributors with backgrounds ranging from philosopher to geo-practitioner, providing a balance of voices. Includes case studies, showing where experts have gone wrong and where key organizations have ignored facts, wanting assessments favorable to their agendas. Provides a much needed basis for discussion to guide scientists to consider their responsibilities and to improve communication with the public. Description. Edited by two experts in the area, Geoethics: Ethical Challenges and Case Studies in Earth Sciences addresses a range of topics surrounding the concept of ethics in geoscience, making it an important reference for any Earth scientist with a growing concern for sustainable development and social responsibility. This book will provide the reader with some obvious and some hidden information you need for understanding where experts have not served the public, what more could have been done to reach and serve the public and the ethical issues surrounding the Earth Sciences, from a global perspective. Table of contents. Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Philosophical reflections Section 3: The ethics of practice Section 4: Man made hazards Section 5: Natural hazards Section 6: Exploitation of resources Section 7: Low income and indigenous communities Section 8: Geoscience community365 607 - PublicationOpen AccessANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS: AD MAJORA(2014)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Florindo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Bianco, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;De Michelis, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Masina, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Muscari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Caprara, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Chiodetti, A. G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Del Pezzo, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Gresta, S.; Univ Catania; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Annals of Geophysics (ISSN: 1593-5213; from 2010, 2037-416X) is a bimonthly international journal, which publishes scientific papers in the field of geophysics sensu lato. It derives from Annali di Geofisica (ISSN: 0365-2556), which commenced publication in January 1948 as a quarterly periodical devoted to general geophysics, seismology, Earth magnetism, and atmospheric studies....1541 255